Family Achilidae

Subfamily Achilinae

Tribe Plectoderini Fennah, 1950

Genus Synecdoche O'Brien, 1971

Type species: Catonia grisea Van Duzee, 1908.

Synonyms:

None.

Distribution: Widespread in the New World (especially west), most described species Nearctic, but Neotropical taxa inadequately characterized. One species improbably described from Viet Nam.

Recognized species

There are 22 species (or so) in this genus:

1 Synecdoche albicosta (Van Duzee, 1917) - USA: CA
2 Synecdoche autumnalis O'Brien, 1971 - USA: CA
3 Synecdoche bifoveata O'Brien, 1971 - USA: CA
4 Synecdoche cara (Van Duzee, 1910) - USA: CA
5 Synecdoche clara (Van Duzee, 1917) - USA: CA
6 Synecdoche constellata (Ball, 1933) - USA: CA, WA; CAN: BC
7 Synecdoche costata (Van Duzee, 1910) - USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California)
8 Synecdoche dimidiata (Van Duzee, 1910) - USA: CT, FL, GA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, WV; CAN: ON, NS, QC
9 Synecdoche flavicosta O'Brien, 1971 - USA: CA
10 Synecdoche fusca (Van Duzee, 1908) - USA: CA
11 Synecdoche grisea (Van Duzee, 1908) - USA: CT, IA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MI, NC, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA; CAN: ON, QC
12 Synecdoche helenae (Van Duzee, 1918) - USA: CA
13 Synecdoche hypenor Fennah, 1978 - Viet Nam
14 Synecdoche impunctata (Fitch, 1851) - USA: CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, TN, VA, WV; CAN: ON, QC
15 Synecdoche irrorata (Van Duzee, 1914) - USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California)
16 Synecdoche necopina (Van Duzee, 1918) - USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California)
17 Synecdoche nemoralis (Van Duzee, 1916) - USA: AZ, CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, WA; CAN: BC
18 Synecdoche nervata (Van Duzee, 1910) - USA: CA
19 Synecdoche ocellata O'Brien, 1971 - USA: CA
20 Synecdoche pseudonervata O'Brien, 1971 - USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California)
21 Synecdoche rubella (Van Duzee, 1910) - USA: CA, OR
22 Synecdoche tricolor O'Brien, 1971 - USA: AZ

Economic Importance: Limited.

Known host plants: 

Nymphs of achilids associated with fungus (usually in logs).  The significance of adult host association is unclear.

[list to come - many noted]

Hosts from O'Brien 1971, Wilson et al. 1994; plant names from USDA PLANTS.

Recognition:

Similar to Catonia (sometimes a little larger); Subcostal cell of forewing longer than 1/3 length of wing, narrow throughout; medioventral lobe of male pygofer simple, beak shorter than Xerbus, frons not marked like Momar.

Drawings by Kimberley Shropshire (University of Delaware) (Wing redrawn from O'Brien 1971)

All photos by Kimberley Shropshire - University of Delaware

Synecdoche dimidiata (beak)

Synecdoche dimidiata

\

Synecdoche grisea

Synecdoche impunctata

Synecdoche nervata

Collecting

Most often taken at lights.

Molecular resources: At this time GenBank does not appear to have data for Synecdoche, and Barcode of Life has data for 2 Synecdoche species (Synecdoche dimidiata, S. impunctata)

Selected references:

Ball, E. D. 1933. Some new Western leafhoppers of the fulgorid family Achilidae. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 9: 133-138.

Caldwell, J.S. and L.F. Martorell. 1951 [dated 1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

Emeljanov, A. F. 1992. Toward the problem and limits and subdivisions of Achilidae (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entomological Review 71(1): 53-73 (Translation of Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye 1991, 70: 373-393, in Russian).

Emeljanov, A. F. 1993. Description of tribes of the subfamily Achilinae (Homoptera, Achilidae) and revision of their composition. Entomological Review 72(6): 7-27 (Translation of Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71: 574-594 from Russian).

Fennah, R. G. 1945. New Lanternflies (Fulgoroidea) From South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96(3189): 95-106.

Fennah, R. G. 1950. A generic revision of the Achilidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 1: 1-170.

Fennah, R.G. 1978. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici 34(9): 207-279.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1948. General catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 10. Achilidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. 85 pp.

O’Brien, L. B. 1971. The systematics of the tribe Plectoderini in America north of Mexico (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae). University Of California Publications in Entomology 64: 1-79.

O'Brien, L. B. 1985. New synonymies and combinations in New World Fulgoroidea (Achilidae, Delphacidae, Flatidae, Fulgoridae: Homoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78(5): 657-662.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1908. Studies in North American Fulgoridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1907: 467-498.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1910. Notes on genus Catonia (Homoptera). Canadian Entomologist 42: 261-265.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1914. A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of San Diego Country, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 2: 1-57.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1916. Notes on some Hemiptera taken near Lake Tahoe, California. Technical Bulletin. University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station. Entomology 1: 229-249.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1917. Report upon a collection of Hemiptera made by Walter M. Giffard in 1916 and 1917, chiefly in California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 7: 249-318.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1918. New species of Hemiptera chiefly from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. (4) 8: 271-308.

Wilson, S.W., C. Mitter, R.F. Denno, and M.R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R.F. Denno and T.J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix