Family Cixiidae

Subfamily Cixiinae

Tribe Cixiini Spinola, 1839

Genus Cixius Latreille, 1804

Type species (in original combination):  Cicada nervosa Linnaeus, 1758

Synonyms:

= Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (Type species Vincentia interrupta Uhler, 1895); syn. by Muir 1925a: 104.
= Pseudocixius Caldwell, 1950a (Type species Pseudocixius bandarus Caldwell, 1950a); syn. by Kramer 1981a: 2..

Distribution: Widespread, worldwide.

Recognized species

There approximately 303 valid species in this genus.  The listing may be incomplete for Old World taxa, and possibly Nearctic taxa.  Distribution data for Old World taxa will be updated later; distribution data for Neotropical taxa may be incomplete.

Subgenera. The following have been treated as subgenera of Cixius, but most of these have not been applied to New World taxa.  I have not yet attempted to ascertain the contents of each subgenus)

Cixius (Acanthocixius) Wagner, 1939 (includes Cixius (Acanthocixius) heydenii Kirschbaum, 1868, Cixius (Acanthocixius) sticticus Rey, 1891) (Paleactic)

Cixius (Alcixius) Emeljanov, 1992
Cixius (Ceratocixius) Wagner, 1939
Cixius (Issomimus) Jacobi, 1910
Cixius (Olibroma) Emeljanov, 1964
Cixius (Orinocixius) Wagner, 1939
Cixius (Paracixius) Wagner, 1939 (includes Cixius (Paracixius) distinguendus Kirschbaum, 1868; Paleartic)
Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 (type species Pseudocixius bandarus Caldwell, 1950)
Cixius (Sciocixius) Wagner, 1939
Cixius (Tetracixius) Ribaut, 1960
Cixius (Ussuricixius) Vilbaste, 1968 (includes Cixius (Ussuricixius) remmi Vilbaste, 1969)

Cixius species found or reported north of Mexico

1 Cixius angustatus Caldwell, 1938a - USA: DE, GA, IL, MD, MO, NC, OH, SC, VA; CAN: ON, QC
2 Cixius apicalis Metcalf, 1923 - USA: CT, IL, NY, OH, PA; CAN: MB, NB, ON
3 Cixius balli Kramer, 1981a - USA: AZ
4 Cixius caldwelli Kramer, 1981a - USA: OH, VA
5 Cixius chisosus Caldwell, 1938b - USA: TX
6 Cixius cinctus Ball, 1937 - USA: AZ
7 Cixius clitellus Ball, 1937 - USA: AZ
8 Cixius coloepeum Fitch, 1856 - USA: AR, CO, IA, IL, KS, MD, ME, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, WI, WY; CAN: BC?, NB, ON, QC
9 Cixius comptus Fowler, 1904 - USA: AZ; Mexico
10 Cixius cultus Ball, 1902a - USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WY; CAN: AB, SK
    = Pseudocixius cultus (Ball 1902a); comb. by Caldwell 1950a: 290; restored to Cixius by Kramer 1981a: 25.
11 Cixius ephratus Ball, 1937 - USA: NV, UT
12 Cixius evexus Kramer, 1981a - USA: CA
13 Cixius krameri Tsaur, 1990 - USA: CA
14 Cixius knulli Caldwell, 1938b - USA: TX
15 Cixius meridionalis Beirne, 1950c - USA: AK, MT; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NT, QC, SK, YK
16 Cixius misellus Van Duzee, 1916a - USA: CT, GA, IA?, IL, KY, MA, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, VA, VT; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: CO, TX)
17 Cixius narke Kramer, 1981a USA: CA; CAN: BC?
18 Cixius nervosus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Widespread Holarctic; Nearctic: USA: AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, TN, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC, SK; Palearctic (Widespread Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia; e.g., Algeria, Austria, Belgium, China, “Czechoslovakia”, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, “Hungary”, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkestan)
    = Cixius basalis Van Duzee, 1908: 489; syn. by Beirne 1951: 315.
    = Cixius umbrosus Walley, 1932: 22; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 8, 10-11.
19 Cixius nike Kramer, 1981a - USA: CO, CT, GA, MA, ME, MI, MN, NE, NH, NY, OH, PA, VT, WI; CAN: MB, NB, NS, ON, QC
20 Cixius pini Fitch, 1851 - USA: CT, DC, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA, WV; CAN: MB, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: CO)
     = Cixius guttulatus Walley, 1932: 21; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 20, 22.

21 Cixius praecox Van Duzee, 1925 - USA: CA, CO, ID, OR, UT, WA, WY; CAN: BC
     = Pseudocixius praecox (Van Duzee, 1925); comb. by Caldwell 1950a: 290; restored to Cixus by Kramer 1981a: 24.
22 Cixius procrustes Kramer, 1981a USA: AR, KS
23 Cixius prodotes Kramer, 1981a USA: NC, OH
24 Cixius prominens Tsaur, 1990 USA: CA
25 Cixius quebecensis Beirne, 1951- USA: ME, NY; CAN: NB, NS, ON, PE, QC
     = Cixius fulvus Beirne, 1950c: 100 (nec. Walker, 1858).
     = Cixius quebecensis Beirne, 1951: 316; replacement name for preoccupied Cixius fulvus Beirne, 1950c (nec. Walker, 1858).
26 Cixius stigmatus (Say, 1825) - USA: AR, AZ, CA, CO, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MO, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SD, TX, UT, VA, WI, WY; CAN: AB, SK, ON, QC
    = Flata stigmata Say, 1825: 336.
    = Cixius stigmatus (Say, 1825); comb. by Fitch 1851: 45.
    = Pseudocixius stigmatus (Say, 1825); comb. by Caldwell, 1950a: 290.
    = Cixius stigmata (Say, 1825); restored combination and unjustified emendation by Wilson & McPherson 1980a: 8; 1980b: 27; 1980c: 27.
    = Cixius lepidus Van Duzee, 1910a: 87; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 18.
27 Cixius vandykei Van Duzee, 1925 - USA: CA, WA
28 Cixius yufengi Tsaur, 1993 - USA: CA

Neotropical species

1 Cixius anceps Germar 1830 - Brazil
2 Cixius apicatus Fowler 1904 - Guatemala
3 Cixius bandarus (Caldwell 1950) - Mexico
4 Cixius bipunctata Linne 1767 - Brazil
5 Cixius blockeri Kramer 1981 - Mexico
6 Cixius citrinus Walker 1858 - Brazil
   Cixius comptus Fowler 1904 - USA: AZ; Mexico (see above)
7 Cixius conjector Kramer 1981 - Mexico
   Cixius decoris Valdes (nomen nudum - not valid) - Cuba
8 Cixius diastus Caldwell 1947 - Mexico
9 Cixius dislogicus Kramer 1981 - Mexico
10 Cixius flavobrunneus Fowler 1904 - Mexico
11 Cixius grammica (Germar 1830) - Brazil
   Cixius irroratus Spinola, 1852- jr. syn. of Catonia gayi (Spinola, 1852)
   Cixius interruptus (Uhler, 1895) - St. Vincent, Cuba (Type species of Vincentia)
    Cixius maculatus Spinola, 1852 - - jr. syn. of Catonia gayi (Spinola, 1852)
12 Cixius metcalfi Kramer 1981 - Mexico
13 Cixius montanus Fowler 1904 - Mexico
14 Cixius nielsoni Kramer 1981 - Mexico
15 Cixius orcus Fennah 1973 - Mexico
    Cixius ornatipennis Spinola, 1852 - jr syn of Catonia ornatipennis (Spinola, 1852)
16 Cixius pruinosus Spinola 1852 - Chile
17 Cixius punctulatus Spinola 1852 - Chile
18 Cixius seriata (Germar 1830) - Brazil
19 Cixius servillei Spinola 1839 - loc unk.
    Cixius stigmatus mexicanus (Caldwell 1950) - Mexico
20 Cixius sulcifrons (Germar 1830) - Brazil, Germany, N.A.
21 Cixius youngi Kramer 1981 - Mexico

Old World species Imported directly from FLOW, dups of above noted, some terminations fixed (I'll renumber later).

1 Cixius (Acanthocixius) heydenii Kirschbaum, 1868
2 Cixius (Acanthocixius) sticticus Rey, 1891
3 Cixius (Paracixius) distinguendus Kirschbaum, 1868
4 Cixius (Ussuricixius) remmi Vilbaste, 1969
5 Cixius acceptus Anufriev, 1970
6 Cixius actunus Hoch, 1988
7 Cixius aculeatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
8 Cixius acutus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
9 Cixius admirabilis Logvinenko, 1976
10 Cixius adornatus Logvinenko, 1974
11 Cixius adspersus Spinola, 1852
12 Cixius aduncus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
13 Cixius aequa Walker, 1857
14 Cixius africana Synave, 1953
15 Cixius albida Walker, 1851
16 Cixius albistriga Walker, 1857
17 Cixius almon Fennah, 1945
18 Cixius alpestris Wagner, 1939
19 Cixius alpinus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius anceps (Germar, 1830) - See above
     Cixius angustatus Caldwell, 1938 - See above
20 Cixius anmashanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
    Cixius apicalis Metcalf, 1923 - See above
21 Cixius apicata Fowler, 1904
22 Cixius apicemaculatus Distant, 1920
23 Cixius aquilonius Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
24 Cixius aragoensis Distant, 1920
25 Cixius ariadne Hoch & Asche, 1993
26 Cixius arisanus Matsumura, 1914
27 Cixius armata Ribaut, 1953
28 Cixius armiger Fennah, 1945
29 Cixius australis Walker, 1851
30 Cixius azofloresi Remane & Asche, 1979
31 Cixius azomariae Remane & Asche, 1979
32 Cixius azopicavus Hoch, 1991
     Cixius azopifajo azofa Remane & Asche, 1979
     Cixius azopifajo azojo Remane & Asche, 1979
33 Cixius azopifajo azopifajo Remane & Asche, 1979
34 Cixius azoricus azoricus Lindberg, 1954
     Cixius azoricus azoropicoi Remane & Asche, 1979
35 Cixius azoterceirae Remane & Asche, 1979
     Cixius balli Kramer, 1981 - See above
36 Cixius bamendensis Van Stalle, 1988
     Cixius bandarus Caldwell, 1950 - See above
     Cixius basalis Van Duzee, 1908 - see Cixius nervosus
37 Cixius beieri Wagner, 1939
38 Cixius bicolor Matsumura, 1914
39 Cixius bidentis Matsumura, 1914
40 Cixius bipunctata (Linné, 1767) - See above

     Cixius blockeri Kramer 1981 - See above
41 Cixius brachydenta Logvinenko, 1969
42 Cixius brachyptera Van Stalle, 1988
43 Cixius brocha Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
44 Cixius broncus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
45 Cixius bueae Van Stalle, 1982
    Cixius caldwelli Kramer, 1981 - See above
46 Cixius caledonica China, 1942
47 Cixius cambrica China, 1935
48 Cixius canariensis Lindberg, 1954
49 Cixius capillatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
50 Cixius carniolica Wagner, 1939
51 Cixius cathetus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
52 Cixius cavazoricus Hoch, 1991
53 Cixius chaoensis China, 1938
54 Cixius chinai Synave, 1953
55 Cixius chituanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
56 Cixius chouorum Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
57 Cixius chydaeus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
58 Cixius cingulata Matsumura, 1914
59 Cixius circinatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
60 Cixius circulus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
    Cixius citrinus Walker, 1858 - See above
61 Cixius clara Melichar, 1914
     Cixius clitellus Ball, 1937 - See above
     Cixius coloepeum Fitch, 1856 - See above
62 Cixius communis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius comptus Fowler, 1904 - See above
     Cixius conjector Kramer, 1981 - See above
63 Cixius crambiformis (Germar, 1830)
     Cixius cultus Ball, 1902 - See above
64 Cixius cunicularia (Linné, 1767)

     Cixius cunicularia fusca Fieber, 1872
65 Cixius curvicostata Van Stalle, 1988
66 Cixius curvus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
67 Cixius cyclus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius decoris Valdes Ragues, 1910 - See above
68 Cixius deflexus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
69 Cixius denotatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
70 Cixius dentatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
71 Cixius denticulatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
72 Cixius desertorum (Becker, 1865)
73 Cixius diastus Caldwell, 1947 - See above
74 Cixius diductus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
75 Cixius dilatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
76 Cixius dilecta Walker, 1857
     Cixius dislogica Kramer, 1981 - See above
77 Cixius distincta Signoret, 1865
78 Cixius divisa Walker, 1858
79 Cixius dotata Walker, 1857
80 Cixius dubia Wagner, 1939
81 Cixius elbergi (Vilbaste, 1980)
82 Cixius elegantulus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
83 Cixius elongatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius evexa Kramer, 1981 - See above
84 Cixius fangi Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
85 Cixius fasciolaris Spinola, 1852
86 Cixius finita (Walker, 1857)
87 Cixius flavescens Matsumura, 1914
88 Cixius flaviceps Matsumura, 1913
     Cixius flavobrunnea Fowler, 1904 - See above
89 Cixius fraternus† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
90 Cixius furvus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
91 Cixius fustis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius gayi Spinola, 1852 - See Catonia
92 Cixius gladius Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
93 Cixius gracilis† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
     Cixius grammica (Germar, 1830) - See above
94 Cixius granulata Horváth, 1897
95 Cixius gravelyi Muir, 1922
96 Cixius guttulata Walley, 1932
97 Cixius habunus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
98 Cixius hachijonis Matsumura, 1914
99 Cixius hakonensis Matsumura, 1914
100 Cixius haupti Dlabola, 1949
101 Cixius helvola Spinola, 1852

       Cixius heydenii minor Kirschbaum, 1868
        Cixius heydenii notativertex Rey, 1894
102 Cixius hirundinaria Logvinenko, 1974
103 Cixius hispida Logvinenko, 1967
104 Cixius homtiniensis Van Stalle, 1988
105 Cixius hopponis Matsumura, 1914
106 Cixius hsui Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
107 Cixius hueisunus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
108 Cixius hyalina (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)
109 Cixius hylaea Logvinenko, 1969
110 Cixius ibukisana Matsumura, 1914
111 Cixius inaffectatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
112 Cixius incisus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
113 Cixius inficita Walker, 1870
114 Cixius inflatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
115 Cixius insueta Walker, 1857
116 Cixius insularis Lindberg, 1954
117 Cixius intermedia Scott, 1870
118 Cixius kalehensis Van Stalle, 1988
119 Cixius kivuensis Van Stalle, 1988
120 Cixius kommonis Matsumura, 1914
121 Cixius krameri Tsaur, 1990 - See above
122 Cixius kukuanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
123 Cixius kuyaniana Matsumura, 1914
124 Cixius laboriosus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
125 Cixius ladon Fennah, 1958
126 Cixius latus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
127 Cixius leei Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
128 Cixius lepidus Van Duzee, 1910
129 Cixius leucoescatia Costa, 1834
130 Cixius linearis Eversmann, 1837
131 Cixius lineolata Ribaut, 1960
132 Cixius linorum Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
133 Cixius logvinenkoae Emeljanov, 1979
      Cixius logvinenkovae Emeljanov, 1979
134 Cixius longirostris† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
135 Cixius lotti Costa, 1834
136 Cixius luridus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
137 Cixius maculosus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
138 Cixius madeirensis China, 1938
139 Cixius mahungui Van Stalle, 1988
140 Cixius manengoubae Van Stalle, 1986
141 Cixius matsumurai Matsumura, 1986
142 Cixius meifengensis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
143 Cixius meruana Vilbaste, 1910
     Cixius metcalfi Kramer, 1981 - See above
     Cixius misellus Van Duzee, 1916 - See above
144 Cixius montaguei Distant, 1920
     Cixius montanus Fowler, 1904 - See above
145 Cixius monticelli Costa, 1834
146 Cixius montosus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
147 Cixius morion Emeljanov, 1992
148 Cixius mubalensis Synave, 1953
149 Cixius mukanensis Synave, 1953
150 Cixius mukwanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
151 Cixius murreensis Mushtaq, 1984
     Cixius narke Kramer, 1981 - See above
152 Cixius nawae Matsumura, 1914
     Cixius nervosus (Linné, 1758) - See above
     Cixius nervosus atavus Schumacher, 1912
     Cixius nervosus fasciatus Fieber, 1872
     Cixius nervosus minor Ferrari, 1885
     Cixius nielsoni Kramer, 1981 - See above
     Cixius nike Kramer, 1981 - See above
153 Cixius nitens Melichar, 1914
154 Cixius nitidum Emeljanov, 1964
155 Cixius nitobei Matsumura, 1914
156 Cixius nordica Mitjaev, 1990
157 Cixius nycticola Hoch & Asche, 1993
158 Cixius obliqua Stephens, 1829
159 Cixius obuduensis Van Stalle, 1988
160 Cixius obvius Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
161 Cixius ochracea Ribaut, 1953
162 Cixius operosus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
163 Cixius opposita Walker, 1851
     Cixius orcus Fennah, 1973 - See above
     Cixius ornatipennis Spinola, 1852 - see Catonia gayi
164 Cixius pallens Spinola, 1852
165 Cixius pallipes Fieber, 1876
166 Cixius palmensis Lindberg, 1960
167 Cixius palmeros Hoch & Asche, 1993
168 Cixius parallelus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
169 Cixius parinarii De Rochebrune, 1883
170 Cixius parumpunctata Signoret, 1884
171 Cixius pascuorum Ribaut, 1953
172 Cixius paucus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
173 Cixius perexiguus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
174 Cixius perpendicularis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
175 Cixius persica Distant, 1907
176 Cixius perturbata Walker, 1870
177 Cixius petilus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
178 Cixius petrinus† Fennah, 1961 (fossil)
179 Cixius phaeptera Stephens, 1829
180 Cixius pidani Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988
181 Cixius pilifer Melichar, 1903
182 Cixius pilosa (Olivier, 1791)
     Cixius pilosa albicincta (Germar, 1818)
     Cixius pilosa discicollis Rey, 1894
     Cixius pilosa infumata Fieber, 1872
     Cixius pilosa nigrita Haupt, 1931
183 Cixius pilosellus Matsumura, 1914
184 Cixius pinarcolada Hoch & Asche, 1993
     Cixius pini Fitch, 1851 - See above
185 Cixius pirene Fennah, 1958
186 Cixius polydentis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius praecox Van Duzee, 1925 - See above
187 Cixius privus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
188 Cixius procerus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius procrustes Kramer, 1981 - See above
     Cixius prodotes Kramer, 1981 - See above
189 Cixius prognata Logvinenko, 1974
     Cixius prominens Tsaur, 1990 - See above
     Cixius pruinosa Spinola, 1852 - See above
190 Cixius pseudocunicularis Mitjaev, 1978
191 Cixius pseudomukanensis Van Stalle, 1988
      Cixius punctulatus Spinola, 1852 - See above
192 Cixius pyrenaica Fieber, 1876
193 Cixius quinarius Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
194 Cixius rarus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
195 Cixius ratonica Hoch & Asche, 1993
196 Cixius remota Edwards, 1888
197 Cixius resurgens Walker, 1858
198 Cixius reversus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
199 Cixius ripariusi Mitjaev, 1990
200 Cixius rufa Logvinenko, 1969
201 Cixius rufofasciata Logvinenko, 1974
202 Cixius sanctangeli Costa, 1834
203 Cixius scotti Edwards, 1888
204 Cixius scyllae Costa, 1834
205 Cixius segregatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
206 Cixius selengensis Emeljanov, 1979
207 Cixius separatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius seriata Germar, 1830 - See above
208 Cixius serratus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius servillei Spinola, 1839 - See above
209 Cixius setinervis Stål, 1855
210 Cixius sibirica Emeljanov, 1979
211 Cixius sidnica Stål, 1859
212 Cixius sieboldtii† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
213 Cixius signifer Walker, 1870
214 Cixius similis Kirschbaum, 1868
215 Cixius simplex (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)
216 Cixius sphagnetophila Dlabola, 1957
217 Cixius spinosus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
218 Cixius spirus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
219 Cixius stallei Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
220 Cixius stictica vitrea Rey, 1891
        Cixius stigmatus (Say, 1825) - See above

        Cixius stimaticus reuteri Reuter, 1880
221 Cixius stigmatica (Germar, 1818)
222 Cixius stigmaticalis Melichar, 1911
223 Cixius succineus† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
       Cixius sulcifrons (Germar, 1830) - See above
224 Cixius suturalis Matsumura, 1914
225 Cixius tacanda Hoch & Asche, 1993
226 Cixius taipingshanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
227 Cixius taiwanus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
228 Cixius tappana Matsumura, 1914
229 Cixius terminalis (Jacobi, 1910)
230 Cixius testudinarius† Germar & Berendt, 1856
231 Cixius theroni Van Stalle, 1988
232 Cixius towadensis Matsumura, 1914
233 Cixius transversus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
234 Cixius trifasciata Stephens, 1829
235 Cixius trirhacoides Remane & Holzinger, 1998
236 Cixius trispinosa Van Stalle, 1988
237 Cixius tsuifenghuenis Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
238 Cixius tungpuus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
239 Cixius turkestanica Dubovsky, 1966
240 Cixius tzuenus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
241 Cixius ugandana Van Stalle, 1988
242 Cixius ukrainica Logvinenko, 1974
     Cixius umbrosa Walley, 1932 - see C. nervosus
243 Cixius unidentata Signoret, 1863
244 Cixius vallaris Emeljanov, 1979
      Cixius vandykei Van Duzee, 1925 - See above
245 Cixius varicolor Distant, 1920
246 Cixius vatius Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
247 Cixius velox Matsumura, 1914
248 Cixius venustula (Germar, 1830)
249 Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897
250 Cixius vilis Walker, 1857
251 Cixius vitreus† Germar & Berendt, 1856 (fossil)
252 Cixius vitripennis Kirschbaum, 1868
253 Cixius vittatus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
254 Cixius wagneri China, 1942
255 Cixius wui Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
256 Cixius wusheus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
257 Cixius yangi Tsaur & Hsu, 1991
     Cixius youngi Kramer, 1981 - See above
     Cixius yufengi Tsaur, 1993 - See above

Economic Importance:

Cixius are not reported to be pests.

 

Known host plants: 

Nymphs of cixiids are subterranean, feeding on roots and possibly fungi.  The significance of adult host records is unclear. Many cixiids are presumed to be polyphagous (as adults), most often on woody plants.

Cixius adornatus iranicus Dlabola - Pterocarya (Juglandaceae)

Cixius alpestris Wagner - Pinus mugo Turra (mugo pine, Pinaceae; = Pinus montana)

Cixius angustatus Caldwell - Prunus (Rosaceae, cherry, plum)

Cixius balli Kramer - Pinus

Cixius cambricus China - Quercus (Oak, Fagaceae), Acer (maple, Aceraceae), Carpinus (hornbeam, Betulaceae), Rhododendron (Ericaceae) (xerothermic sites)

Cixius cinctifrons Fitch - Carya (hickory, Juglandaceae)

Cixius coloepium Fitch - Gaylussacia (huckleberry, Ericaceae)

 

Cixius cultus Ball - polyphagous

Cixius cunicularis (L.) - polyphagous on woody plants; Corylus (hazelnut, Betulaceae), Betula (Birch), Alnus (Alder), Ulmus (Elm, Ulmaceae) &c.

Cixius distinguendus Kirschbaum - Fagus (Beech, Fagaceae), Quercus, Picea, Pinus

Cixius dubias Wagner - Prunus spinosa L. (blackthorn, Rosaceae), Quercus pubescens Willd. (Downy Oak), Corylus, 'trees & bushes'

Cixius ephratus Ball - Salsola kali L. (Russian thistle, Chenopodiaceae)

Cixius haupti Dlabola - Pinus

Cixius misellus Van Duzee -Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce)

Cixius nervosus (L.) - polyphagous on woody plants; Salix (willow, Salicaceae), Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Tilia (basswood, Tiliaceae)

Cixius nervosus as Cixius basalis Van Duzee - Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (balsam fir, Pinaceae), Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (black spruce, Pinaceae)

Cixius pallipes Fieber - Tamarix (Larch, tamarisk, Tamaricaceae)

Cixius pini Fitch - Gaylussacia, Pinus, Picea, Abies

Cixius pinicola Dufour - Pinus

Cixius praecox Van Duzee - Salix, Populus (Salicaceae, cottonwood, poplar)

Cixius setinervis Stal - Cliffortia strobilifera Murray (Rosaceae) (as Cliffortia 'scrabilifera')

Cixius similis - Kirschbaum - Betula pubescens Ehrh. (downy birch), Pinus, Vaccinium myrtillus L. (whortleberry, Ericaceae), V. uliginosum L. (bog blueberry)

Cixius simplex (Herrich-Schaffer) - polyphagous on woody plants; Alnus, Betula, Tilia, Prunus spinosa L. (blackthorn, Rosaceae), Pinus

Cixius stictus Rey - Rosa (rose, Rosaceae), shrubs

Cixius stigmatus (Germar) - Betula, Alnus, Salix, Quercus, Rubus (blackberry, Rosaceae)

Cixius wagneri - probably polyphagous on deciduous trees

Cixius sp. - Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush, Chenopodiaceae)

 

Hosts from Wilson et al. 1994 and Nickel 2003; plant names from USDA PLANTS or Tropicos.

Recognition:

Mesonotum with 3 carinae, posterior portion of head not incised or roundly incised (Cixiini), hind tibiae without lateral spines, tegulae not hidden, wings rooflike (tectiform), apices separated (vs. Pintaliini).

Cixius pini (all photographs by Kimberley Shropshire, University of Delaware)

 

Collecting

Cixus can be collected by beating vegetation (esp. woody vegetation), at lights, or in various kinds of passive traps (e.g., Malaise traps)

 

Molecular resources: As of this writing, there are three species of Cixius on Barcode of Life (Cixius nervosus, C. pini, C. praecox), and data for 4 species on Genbank (Cixius similis, C. nervosus, C. wagneri, C. pallipes) in addition to 'Cixius sp.'

 

Selected references: (more still to come)

China, W. E. 1942. A revision of the British species of Cixius Latr. (Homoptera), including the description of a new species from Scotland. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 8: 79-110.

Holzinger, W. E. 1999. On three species of the planthopper genera Cixius and Trirhacus in the eastern Palaearctic (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Reichenbachia 33(1): 13-19.

Holzinger, W. E., I. Kammerlander, and H. Nickel. 2003. Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excluding Cicadellidae. Volume 1. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. Brill Academic Publishing, Leiden, Netherlands.

Kalkandelen, A. 1988. Taxonomic studies on the species of Cixiidae (Homoptera) from Turkey. 2. Cixiinae: Cixius and Tachycixius. Bitki Koruma Bulteni 28(3-4): 113-140. pdf

Kramer, J. P. 1981. Taxonomic study of the planthopper genus Cixius in the United States and Mexico (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 107(1-2): 1-68. pdf

Kramer, J. P. 1983. Taxonomic study of the planthopper family Cixiidae in the United States (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 109: 1-57.

Logvinenko, V. N. 1974. New species of leaf-hoppers (Cixiidae Homoptera) from the genus Cixius Latr. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR. (Ser. B) 36(4): 375-379.

Mozaffariyan, F., M. Taqi Zadeh, S. Sajedi, A.Al-F. Haji Esmaeiliyan, and M.R. Ne`matiyan. 2008. Investigations on the fauna of cicadas, spittlebugs, leafhoppers, treehoppers and planthoppers in region 1, including Tehran, Semnan, Ghom and some parts of Ghazvin and Markazi provinces (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Plant Protection Reseach Institute, Tehran, Iran.

Nickel, H. 2003. The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Germany (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha), Patterns and strategies in a highly diverse group of phytophagous insects , Pensoft Series Faunistica 28, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Orosz, A. 2003. Cixius (Tetracixius) pinivorus sp. n., a new planthopper species from the western Pyrenees (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 64: 95-103.

Remane, R. and M. Asche. 1979. Evolution und Speziation der Gattung Cixius Latreille 1804 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Cixiidae) auf den Azorischen Inseln. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(2): 1-264.

Remane, R. and W.E. Holzinger. 1998. Zwei neue Cixius (Ceratocixius)-Arten aus der Südwestpalaearktis (Insecta: Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae). Reichenbachia 32 (28): 181-186.

Salar, P., J. L. Danet, J. J. Pommier, and X. Foissac. 2010. The biology of Cixius wagneri, the planthopper vector of 'Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae ' in strawberry production tunnels and its consequence for the epidemiology of strawberry marginal chlorosis. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv 427: 24-26.

Szklarzewicz, T., W. Jankowska, K. Lukasiewicz, and B. Szymańska. 2007 Structure of the ovaries and oogenesis in Cixius nervosus (Cixiidae), Javesella pellucida and Conomelus anceps (Delphacidae) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Arthropod Structure and Development 36(2): 199-207.

Tsaur, S. C. 1990 Two new species of Cixius from California (USA) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae): With a revised key to the species of the genus. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 29(1): 49-56.

Tsaur, S. C. 1993 A new species of Cixius from the United States (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 69(3): 247-249.

Tsaur, S. C., T. C. Hsu and J. van-Stalle. 1991. Cixiidae of Taiwan, part 5. Cixiini except Cixius. Journal of Taiwan Museum 44(1) 1: 1-78.

Tsaur, S. C., T. C. Hsu and J. van-Stalle. 1991. Cixiidae of Taiwan, part 4. Cixius. Journal of Taiwan Museum 44(2): 169-306.

Van Stalle, J. 1985. Redescription and taxonomic notes on three Pentastirini described as Cixius latifrons Walker, Moysella sinaitica Horvath and Mesoliarus malagensis Matsumura (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Cixiidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 58(3-4): 441-445.

Van Stalle, J. 1988. A review of the Afrotropical species of the genus Cixius Latreille, 1804 (Homoptera, Cixiidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 102(2): 223-252. 6

Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno, and M. R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix