Family Caliscelidae

Subfamily Caliscelinae

Tribe Caliscelini Amyot et Serville, 1843

Genus Bruchomorpha Newman, 1838.

Type species: Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838.

Synonyms:

  = Embolonia Provancher, 1889 (Type species Embolonia tricarinata Provancher, 1889: syn. by Van Duzee 1912b: 327 (Embolonia tricarinata jr. syn. of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838).

Distribution: Widespread in US, Canada, and Central America.

Recognized species

There are 26 recognized species and several subspecies as follows:

1 Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball, 1935b - USA: CO, FL, GA, NM, OK, TX
2 Bruchomorpha beameri Doering, 1939 - USA: AZ, CA, CO, MT, ND, WA; CAN: AB, BC, MB, SK
3 Bruchomorpha bunni Doering, 1939 - USA: AZ, NM

4 Bruchomorpha costaricensis Schmidt, 1927 - Costa Rica
5 Bruchomorpha decorata Metcalf, 1923 - USA: AZ, NC, TX: Mexico (Federal District, Morelia, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas)

   Bruchomorpha decorata nihldecorata Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Sonora)
6 Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch, 1856 - USA: AR, CA, CO, CT, GA, IA, IL, KS, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH,OK, PA, SC, SD, TX, WI; CAN: BC, MB, ON, SK (also “Dakota”)

7 Bruchomorpha dorsolineata Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
8 Bruchomorpha duocantha Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Coahuila, Michoacan, Federal District)
9 Bruchomorpha extensa Ball, 1935b - USA: AZ, CA, ID, KS, NC?, NM, OK, TX, UT
10 Bruchomorpha jocosa Stål, 1862a - USA: DC, FL, IA, IL, KS, KY, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, OK, SC, TX, VA, WI; CAN: MB, SK
   Bruchomorpha jocosa var. craniata Ball, 1935b - USA: IA, KS, NE, WI
   Bruchomorpha jocosa var. obscura Ball, 1935b - USA: DC, FL, MS, NJ, VA
11 Bruchomorpha keidensia Doering, 1939 - CAN: AB, MB, SK

12 Bruchomorpha longipennis Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Michoacan)

   Bruchomorpha longipennis abbrata Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Michoacan)
13 Bruchomorpha mexicana Kirkaldy, 1913 - Mexico (Morelos)
14 Bruchomorpha minima Metcalf, 1923 - USA: FL, GA, MS, NC

15 Bruchomorpha minutiforma Caldwell, 1945 - Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos)
16 Bruchomorpha mormo Kirkaldy, 1907b - USA: AZ, TX (reported in error: USA: NC)
17 Bruchomorpha nodosa Doering, 1939 - USA: AZ, KS, LA, NE, OK, TX
18 Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838 - USA: AR, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI; CAN: ON, PE, QC
    = Bruchomorpha oculata nasuta Stål, 1862a: 310; status by Ball 1935b: 201.
    = Bruchomorpha nasuta Stål, 1862a; syn. by Doering 1939: 113-115.
   Bruchomorpha oculata var. nigrata Ball, 1935b - USA: FL
19 Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stål, 1862a - USA: AL, CO, DC, DE, FL, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NJ, OH, NC, SC, VA
20 Bruchomorpha rosea Doering, 1939 - USA: AZ, NM, TX
21 Bruchomorpha rugosa Metcalf, 1923 - USA: AZ, TX
22 Bruchomorpha suturalis Melichar, 1906 - USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, OK, TX (NC, FL, MS records in error)
23 Bruchomorpha tenebrosa Doering, 1939 - USA: FL
24 Bruchomorpha tristis Stål, 1862a - USA: AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MN, MT, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OR, TX, WA, WI; CAN: AB, MB, ON, SK
25 Bruchomorpha triunata Ball, 1935b - USA: AZ
26 Bruchomorpha vittata Metcalf, 1923 - USA: TX

Economic Importance: Limited.

Known host plants: 

Bruchomorpha abrupta - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees; (Weeping lovegrass; Poaceae (from Wilson & Wheeler 2010)

Bruchomorpha bunni - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha decorata - Setaria grisebachii E. Fourn. (as Chaetochloa grisebachii)

Bruchomorpha dorsata - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha jocosa - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha nodosa - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha oculata - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha rosea - Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Bruchomorpha rugosa - 'grasses'

Bruchomorpha triunata- 'grasses'

Hosts from Wilson et al. 1994, Wilson & Wheeler 2010; plant names from USDA PLANTS or Tropicos.

Recognition:

Genus is distinctive, head with weevil-like snout and legs not.  Species features more difficult - Doering (1939) provides a key to U.S. species, but be prepared to struggle.

Bruchomorpha dorsata (All photographs by Kimberley Shropshire, University of Delaware)

Bruchomorpha jocosa

Bruchomorpha oculata (the most common eastern species)

Bruchomorpha pallidipes

Bruchomorpha tristis

Collecting

Most often taken sweeping.

Molecular resources: Data for 8 species in this genus appears on Barcode of Life; Genbank has limited data for Bruchomorpha jocosa, B. oculata, and B. sp.

Selected references:

Ball, E. D. 1935. Some new Issidae with notes on others (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 30: 37-41.

Caldwell, J. S. 1945. Notes on Issidae from Mexico (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 38: 89-120.

Doering, K. C. 1939 [1940a]. A contribution to the taxonomy of the subfamily Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgoroidea: Homoptera. Part III. University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 26(2): 83-167.

Fitch, A. 1856. Third report on noxious and other insects of the State of New York. Transactions of the New-York State Agricultural Society 16: 315-490.

Kirkaldy, G. W. 1907. Leafhoppers. Hemiptera Homoptera. Bulletin. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station. Division of Entomology. 4: 60-66.

Kirkaldy, G. W. 1913. On some new species of leafhoppers. Part 1. Bulletin. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station. Division of Entomology. 12: 7-27.

Melichar, L. 1906. Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königliche Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 3: 1-327.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1923. A Key to the Fulgoridae of Eastern North America with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 38(3): 139-230. [see http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/jncas/]

Metcalf, Z. P. 1958. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 15, Issidae. Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.

Newman E. 1838. Entomological notes. Entomological Magazine. London 5: 372-402.

Schmidt, E. 1927. Neue Zikaden-Gattungen und Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 91: 147-160.

Stål, C. 1862a. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterorum formae et species. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 6: 303-315.

Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno, and M. R. Wilson.1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix

Wilson, S. W. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 2010. Planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) diversity of weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), an introduced host of little known, rarely collected native species. Entomologica Americana 116(3/4): 98–106.

Wilson, S. W. and J. E. McPherson. 1981. Descriptions of the immature stages of Bruchomorpha oculata with notes on Laboratory rearing. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74: 341-344