Family Acanaloniidae

Subfamily Acanaloniinae

Tribe Acanaloniini

Genus Acanalonia Spinola, 1839.

Type species: Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839.

Synonyms

  = Acanonia Amyot & Serville, 1843 (type species Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839); replacement name for Acanalonia Spinola, 1839.

  = Amphiscepa Glover, 1878 [nec. Germar 1830] (type species Flata bivittata Say, 1825); syn. by Stål 1862a: 311 (genus misattributed to Say, 1825 by Melichar 1906: 215; see e.g., Van Duzee 1917: 750).

  = Chlorochara Stål 1869:107 (type-species Cicada vivida Fabricius, 1775), syn. by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 261.

Misspelling: Acalonia Kramer (1950: 10, 80)

Note: Chlorochara is treated as a valid genus by some authors.

Distribution: New World from South America to southern Canada; 1 species adventive into Italy..

Acanalonia includes 19 species north of Mexico, and 71 species (and subspecies) distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.  

 

Recognized species

There are 65 species plus 6 subspecies or varieties of Acanalonia as follows:

Acanalonia affinis Fowler, 1900 - Guatemala

Acanalonia albacosta Caldwell, 1947 - Mexico (Oaxaca)

Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825) - USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV; CAN: ON

   Acanalonia bivittata var rubescens Melichar, 1901 - USA: GA, NY, NJ, PA, DC, VA, NC, FL, OH, WI, MN, IA, KS, MO, AR, TX, AZ, IN; Canada: ON; Mexico  (note: This is a pink color variation)

Acanalonia bonducellae Fennah 1955 - Montserrat, St. Kitts

Acanalonia brevifrons Muir, 1924 - Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Anegada, Mona. (recently moved to Bulldolonia n. g. by Gnezdilov 2012c*)

Acanalonia caelata Fowler, 1900 - Guatemala

Acanalonia calida (Fowler, 1904) - Mexico

Acanalonia carinata Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Cuba

Acanalonia caymanensis Fennah 1971 - Cayman Is.

Acanalonia chloris Berg, 1879 - Argentina, Uruguay

Acanalonia clarionensis Van Duzee, 1933 - Clarion Island, Socorro Island (Mexico)
Acanalonia clypeata Van Duzee, 1908 - USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT

Acanalonia coacta Schmidt, 1908 - Peru, Ecuador

Acanalonia concinnula Fowler, 1900 - USA: FL, TX; Mexico (Jalisco, Guerrero)

Acanalonia consors Fennah 1971 - Cayman Is
Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830) - USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NE, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, VA, TN, TX; CAN: ON; Italy

  = Acanalonia panimae Fowler, 1900; Syn by Van Duzee, 1916: 82/

Acanalonia decens Stal, 1864 - Mexico (Guerrero, Vera Cruz, Nuevo León, Hildalgo), Guatemala

Acanalonia delicatula Fowler, 1900 - Panama, Uruguay (error?)

Acanalonia depressa Melichar, 1901 - St. Jean, Jost Van Dyke Island (recently moved to Bulldolonia n. g. by Gnezdilov 2012c*)

Acanalonia dubia Fowler, 1900 - Mexico (Guanajuato, Vera Cruz, Tabasco), Guatemala, Panama

Acanalonia ecuadoriensis Schmidt, 1908 - Ecuador
Acanalonia excavata Van Duzee, 1933 - USA: FL; Nicaragua
Acanalonia fasciata Metcalf, 1923 - USA: AZ, TX, UT

Acanalonia gaumeri Fowler, 1900 - Honduras (Roatan Island)
Acanalonia grandicella Doering, 1932 - USA: AZ, CA

Acanalonia gundlachi Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Cuba
Acanalonia hadesensis Caldwell, 1938 - USA: TX

Acanalonia hewanorrae Fennah 1955 - St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada

Acanalonia humeralis Caldwell, 1947 - Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza)
Acanalonia immaculata (Kirkaldy, 1907) - USA: AZ; Mexico (Vera Cruz)

Acanalonia impressa Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Cuba (recently moved to Bulldolonia n. g. by Gnezdilov 2012c*)

Acanalonia inclinata Melichar, 1901 - Honduras

Acanalonia ingens Fennah 1971 - Cuba

Acanalonia insularis Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Isle of Pines (Cuba)
Acanalonia invenusta Doering, 1932 - USA: NM, TX
Acanalonia laticosta Doering, 1933 - USA: TX

Acanalonia laurifolia (Walker, 1858) - Brazil

Acanalonia lineata Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Cuba

Acanalonia mintho Fennah 1965 - Grenada

Acanalonia mollicula Van Duzee, 1914 - USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT

Acanalonia ohausi Schmidt, 1908 - Ecuador

Acanalonia ohausi var fulva Schmidt, 1908 - Ecuador

Acanalonia parva Doering, 1932 - USA: NM, TX

Acanalonia phorcys Fennah 1971 - Haiti

Acanalonia plana (Van Duzee, 1907) - Jamaica

Acanalonia planata Ball, 1933 - USA: TX

Acanalonia puella Van Duzee, 1923: Mexico

Acanalonia pumila (Van Duzee, 1908) - USA: FL, NC; Bermuda

Acanalonia robusta (Walker 1851); resurrected by Fennah 1971 - Jamaica

   = Acanalonia quadrata (Walker 1851); teste Fennah 1971 - Jamaica

   = Acanalonia lata (Walker 1851); teste Fennah 1971 - Jamaica

Acanalonia saltonia Ball, 1933 - USA: CA
Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839 - USA: FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, NY, PA, SC
   = Acanalonia latifrons (Walker, 1851); Syn. by Fennah, 1971: 334-336. [Not listed as new syn.]
   = Acanalonia complanata (Walker, 1851); Syn. by Fennah, 1971:334-336.
Acanalonia similis Doering, 1932 - USA: NM, TX

Acanalonia sublinea (Walker, 1858) - Cuba, Dominican Republic

Acanalonia tehuacana Caldwell, 1947 - Mexico (Puebla)

Acanalonia theobromae Fennah, 1945 - Trinidad

Acanalonia tripartita Caldwell, 1947 - Mexico (San Luis Potosi)

Acanalonia umbellicauda Fennah, 1945 - Trinidad

Acanalonia umbraculata (Fabricius, 1803) - Brazil, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guayana

  = Acanalonia florea Stal 1862; teste Melichar 1901

Acanalonia varipennis (Walker, 1858) - Brazil

Acanalonia viequensis Caldwell in Caldwell and Martorell, 1951 - Vieques Island, Antigua
Acanalonia virescens Stål, 1864 - USA: FL, TX; Mexico

Acanalonia viridicata Schmidt, 1908 - Columbia

Acanalonia viridis Melichar, 1901 - Haiti, Dominican republic

Acanalonia viriditerminata (Lethierry, 1881) - Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas

Acanalonia viriditerminata muscosa Fennah 1955 - Dominica
Acanalonia viriditerminata sylvestris Fennah 1955 - Montserrat, St. Kitts

Acanalonia viridula Metcalf and Bruner, 1930 - Cuba

Acanalonia vivida (Fabricius, 1775) - Surinam, Cuba, Puerto Rico

Acanalonia vivida avivida Caldwell in Caldwell and Martorell, 1951 - Puerto Rico

Acanalonia vivida coniceps Osborn, 1929 - Puerto Rico, Caja de Muertos Island

*update on the new genus by Gnezdilov 2012 upcoming.

Hosts:

Acanalonia bivittata - polyphagous

Acanalonia bonducellae - Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming (Fabaceae)

Acanalonia clypeata - Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae), Baccharis L. (baccharis, Asteraceae), Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.(fourwing saltbush; Chenopodiaceae), Salsola tragus L. (prickly Russian thistle; Chenopodiaceae as Salsola pestifer A. Nelson)

Acanalonia conica - Polyphagous

Acanalonia hadesensis - Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae)

Acanalonia impressa - Cinnamomum elongatum (Vahl ex Nees) Kosterm. (laurel avispillo; Lauraceae; as Phoebe elongata Vahl ex Nees )

Acanalonia invenusta - Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae)

Acanalonia laticosta - Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae), Helenium L. (sneezeweed; Asteraceae), Croton L. (croton; Euphorbiaceae), Anthemis arvensis L. (corn chamomile; Asteraceae), Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Elliott (goldenaster; Asteraceae), Siderocarpos flexicaulis (Benth.) Small (misspelled as Siaerocarpus flexicaula; Fabaceae)

Acanalonia pumila - Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. (tree seaside tansy; Asteraceae), Argusia gnaphalodes (L.) Heine (sea rosemary; Boraginaceae; as Mallotonia gnaphalodes (L.) Britton); Batis maritima L. (turtleweed; Bataceae), Salicornia depressa Standl. (Virginia glasswort; Chenopodiaceae, as Salicornia virginica L), Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq.(annual seepweed; Chenopodiaceae)

Acanalonia servillei - Capparis comosa Jacq. (Capparaceae)

Acanalonia theobromae - Theobroma cacao L. (cacao; Sterculiaceae), Flacourtia Comm. ex L'Hér. (flacourtia; Flacourtiaceae), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (pride-of-Barbados; Fabaceae)

Acanalonia umbellicauda - Theobroma cacao L. (cacao; Sterculiaceae), Caesalpinia L. (nicker; Fabaceae), Asparagus L. (asparagus; Liliaceae)

Host data from Wilson et al. (1994); scientific names, authorship and common names from the USDA Plants database, except where absent, then try Tropicos or The Plant List). (Still working on adding links)  Thanks to Vassili Belov for deciphering the misspelling of Siderocarpos.

Economic Importance: Limited in the US, but Acanolonia conica adventive in Italy.

 

Recognition:

Similar to Issidae, with no spines on hind tibiae.  Green or pink in color.  In US, most species in southwest.

Acanalonia conica (Chester Co., AP), Photo by Dave Funk of Stroud Water Resources Center.

Acanalonia conica (Oxford, PA), Photo by Doug Tallamy, University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology.

(Photographs below - except for A. excavata - by Kimberley Shropshire, Department of Entomology ,University of Delaware)

Acanalonia bivittata (Tennessee)

 

Acanalonia clypeata (Arizona)

 

Acanalonia conica (Delaware)

 

 

Acanalonia excavata (from Florida)

Acanalonia fasciata (Arizona)

 

Acanalonia servillei (North Carolina)

 

Websites: Acanalonia is on bugguide here and on Discover Life here (nevermind the mirid pictures at at Acanalonia at this time).

Molecular resources: GenBank has data for Acanalonia bivitatta, A. depressa, A. vivida.  Barcode of Life has sequence data for 6 species and 1 undetermined Acanalonia (viz. Acanalonia bivittata, A. chloris, A. concinnia, A. conica, A. fasciata, and A. immaculata).

Selected references:

Caldwell, J. S. 1947b. New Acanaloniidae from Mexico. (Homoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41: 164-165.

Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 [dated1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

D’Urso, V. & M. Uliana. 2004. First record of Acanalonia conica (Issidae) in Italy. Third European Hemiptera Congress, Abstracts, St. Petersburg, Russia, 8-11 June 2004: 26-27.

d'Urso, V. and M. Uliana. 2005. Acanalonia conica (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Acanaloniidae), a Nearctic species recently introduced in Europe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 53(1): 103–107.

Demir, E. and H. Ozdikmen. 2009. Two new replacement names for genera in Dictyopharidae and Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111(1): 271.

Doering, K. C. 1932. The genus Acanalonia in America north of Mexico (Fulgoridae, Homoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 758­786.

Fabricius, J. C. 1803a. Rhyngota. In Systema rhyngotorum: secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard . Brunsvigae. Vol./pp.: 1-101.

Fennah, R. G. 1945. The Fulgoroidea, or lanternflies, of Trinidad and adjacent parts of South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 95(3184): 411-520.

Fennah, R. G. 1955. Lanternflies of the Family Issidae of the Lesser Antilles (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the United States Museum 105(3350): 23-47.

Fennah, R. G. 1971. Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent Areas. Journal of Natural History 5: 299-342.

Fowler, W. W. 1900e. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). In Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Porter . London. Vol./pp.: 1:44-48.

Fowler, W. W 1904c. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol./pp.: 1: 109-124. Plate(s): 12.

Freund, R. and S. W. Wilson. 1995. The planthopper genus Acanalonia in the United States (Homoptera: Issidae) morphology of male and female external genitalia. Insecta Mundi 9:(3-4): 195-215.

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012a. On the composition and distribution of the family Acanaloniidae Amyot et Serville (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Entomologicheskoe obozrenie 91(3): 157–161. [In Russian]

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012b. On the taxonomy of some Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera).  Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316(3): 239–247.

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012c. A new genus of the family Acanaloniidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) from the Caribbean Basin. Zoosystematica Rossica 21(2): 302-305.

Halbert, S.E., L.B. O’Brien and S.W.Wilson. 2007. The Planthopper Genus Acanalonia in Florida With Notes on a Recently Introduced Species, A. excavata (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Acanaloniidae). Florida Entomologist 90(4): 690-692.

Lethierry, L. F. 1881b. Liste des Hémiptères recueillis par M. Delauney à la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et Saint-Barthelemy. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique. 25: 8-19.

Maryanska-Nadachowska A., V.G. Kuznetsova, V.M. Gnezdilov, and Drosopoulo. 2006. Variability in the karyotypes, testes and ovaries of planthoppers of the families Issidae, Caliscelidae, and Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). European Journal of Entomology 103(3): 505–513.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1923a. A Key to the Fulgoridae of Eastern North America with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 38(3): 139-230, plus 32 plates.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1954. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 14 Acanaloniidae. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Metcalf, Z. P. and S. C. Bruner. 1930. Cuban Fulgorina. 1. The families Tropiduchidae and Acanaloniidae. Psyche 37(4): 395-424.

Nicoli-Aldini, R., E. Mazzoni, and M. Ciampitti. 2006. Ritrovamento della cicalina neartica Acanalonia conica (Say) (Rhynchota Fulgoromorpha Acanaloniidae) in Lombardia (Italia settentrionale). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura 38(3): 261-264.

Osborn, H. 1929b. Notes on Porto Rican Homoptera. The Journal of the Department of Agriculture Puerto Rico 13: 81-112.

Pechuman, L. L. and A. G. Wheeler. 1981. Northern range extension of Acanalonia conica (Homoptera: Acanaloniidae). Entomological News 92: 98-100.

Say, T. 1825a. Descriptions of new hemipterous insects collected in the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 307-345.

Say T. 1830a. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 6: 235-244.

Schmidt, E. 1908b. Drei neue Acanaloniinen-Arten von Ecuador (Südamerika). (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 515-518.

Spinola, M. 1839a. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 8:133-337.

Stål, C. 1864a. Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. (Continuatio). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. 25:49-86.

Synave, H. 1980. Liste du materiel typique conserve dans les collections entomologiques de l'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Homoptera - 11-16 - Flatidae, Ricaniidae, Acanaloniidae, Eurybrachidae, Issidae, Lophopidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 52(6): 1-32.

Walker, F. 1858b. Supplement. In List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. [Published by] Order of Trustees . London. Vol./pp.: 1-307.

Walker, F. 1851. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London. 2: 261-636, 3:637-907.

Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and E. R. Hoebeke. 1982. Host plants and nymphal descriptions of Acanalonia pumila and Cyarda sp. near acutissima (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea: Acanaloniidae and Flatidae). Florida Entomologist 65(3): 340-349.

Wilson, S. W. and J. E. McPherson. 1981b. Life histories of Acanalonia bivittata and A. conica with descriptions of immature stages. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74(3): 289-298.