Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
- Phylogenetics
- Family Identification
- Important Collections
- Acanaloniidae
- Achilidae
- Caliscelidae
- Cixiidae
- Delphacidae
- Derbidae
- Dictyopharidae
- Flatidae
- Fulgoridae
- Issidae
- Kinnaridae
- Nogodinidae
- Tropiduchidae
Tonga sp., from Cuernos de Negros Mountain Philippines (Baker collection).
A synopsis of the Tonginae
Tonginae is a group of planthoppers whose taxonomic affinities are unclear. Although Tonginae are strictly an Old World group (this website is intended to treat only New World forms), they are of particular interest and a brief taxonomic overview is presented here. The information here is still incomplete but will be periodically updated - the distribution information is incomplete, there may be a few species still missing, and the references are not yet complete.
Historically, Tonginae have been a subfamily in Issidae. Muir (1930) indicated that they appear to be related to Acanaloniidae, a sentiment echoed by Fennah (1954). Emeljanov (1999) included Tonginae with Acanaloniidae in his treatment of the higher taxonomy of Issidae and allies. Subsequently, Gnezdilov (2007, 2008) moved Tonginae into Nogodinidae, where they are currently placed.
Species listing borrowed freely from FLOW (Bourgoin T. 2012).
Taxonomy
Nogodininae Melichar, 1898 (According to Gnezdilov 2007)
Tonginae Kirkaldy 1907 (Baker, 1927: 407)
Tongini Kirkaldy, 1907
Note: Some species can be identified using “Species of Nogodinidae known to occur in eastern Indonesia and New Guinea”
Species Listing
Andrewsiella Izzard 1936 (monotypic)
Andrewsiella oceanica Izzard 1936 - Christmas Island (Indian Ocean, near Indonesia)
Image of Andrewsiella oceanica Izzard 1936 from Fletcher, 2009
Atylana Melichar, 1906 (Type species Tylana intrusa Melichar, 1906)
Atylana carcinias Fennah, 1950
Atylana castanea Fennah, 1967
Atylana crataeis Fennah, 1967
Atylana farrago Fennah, 1956 - Caroline Islands (Truk)
Atylana fasciata (Distant, 1913) (comb. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86). (Pitcairn Islands)
= Devagama fasciata Distant, 1913: 556.
= Devagama insularis Distant, 1913: 556 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
= Devagama maculata Distant, 1913: 556 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
= Atylana parmula thalna Fennah, 1958: 218 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
Atylana herbida (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Mysool Is, Roon Is), New Guinea, Solomon Island
Atylana intrusa (Melichar, 1906)
Atylana maculifrons (Muir, 1921)
Atylana maculifrons manuana Fennah, 1967
Atylana orientalis (Melichar, 1906)
Atylana rarotongae Eyles & Linnavuori, 1974 – Cook Islands (Rarotonga)
Atylana sinis Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis sinis Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis tutuilana Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis upoluana Fennah, 1967
Atylana rarotongae Eyles & Linnavuori, 1974 (Image from the B. P. B. Museum, Cook Islands Biodiversity Website
Atylana fasciata (Distant 1913) from Gnezdilov 2009 (From Henderson Island)
Capelopterum Melichar, 1906 (Type species Capelopterum dohrni Melichar, 1906)
Capelopterum betulus Fennah, 1950 - jr. syn of Scalabis betulus (Fennah, 1950), see Fennah 1967.
Capelopterum dohrni Melichar, 1906 - Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java)
Capelopterum dolabra Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Capelopterum fuscifrons Muir, 1921
Capelopterum lyco Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Capelopterum phormio Fennah, 1950 - Fiji (Viti Levu)
Capelopterum ranula Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Capelopterum tanaquil Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Capelopterum vacuna Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Capelopterum zetes Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
Cotylana Fennah, 1954 (Type species Lollius acutipennis Kirkaldy, 1906)
Cotylana acutipennis (Kirkaldy, 1906)
Cotylana angustifrons (Kirkaldy, 1906)
= Lollius angustifrons Kirkaldy 1906 according to Fennah, 1954
Cotylana caledonica (Melichar, 1906) - New Caledonia
Cotylana conspurcata (Melichar, 1906)
Cotylana drymo Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
Cotylana gorgon Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
Cotylana gyas Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
Cotylana viridis (Montrouzier, 1861) - New Caledonia, Loyalty Island, Lifu Island
= Tylana interpunctata Melichar 1906 according to Fennah 1969: 95.
Distiana Metcalf, 1952 (Type species Issus andrewsi Kirby, 1900)
Distiana andrewsi (Kirby, 1900) – Christmas Island
Epitonga Fennah, 1954 (monotypic)
Epitonga ferox Fennah, 1954 – Solomon Islands (New Georgia)
Hemitonga Schmidt, 1911 (Type species Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911)
Hemitonga dyakana (Kirkaldy, 1907)
Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911 - Borneo
Forculus Distant, 1912 (Type species Forculus peculiaris Distant, 1912)
Forculus gibbosus Distant, 1916
Forculus peculiaris Distant, 1912
Forculus viridis Distant, 1916
Forculusoides Distant, 1916 (monotypic)
Forculusoides rubronervis Distant, 1916
Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910
= Neodelia Distant, 1914 synonym of Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910 according to Baker (1927)
= Oxychara Melichar, 1923 synonym of Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910 according to Baker (1927)
Glyphotonga acuminata Schmidt, 1910
Glyphotonga alata (Ossiannilsson, 1940)
= Oxychara alata Ossiannilsson, 1940
Glyphotonga moultoni (Distant, 1914)
Hemitonga Schmidt, 1911 (Type species Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911)
Hemitonga dyakana (Kirkaldy, 1907) - Borneo
= Tylana dyakana Kirkaldy, 1907; new comb. by Fennah 1954: 461.
Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911
Issarius Metcalf, 1950 (monotypic)
Issarius carolinensis Metcalf, 1950
Lollius Stål, 1866 (Type species Lollius australicus Stål, 1870)
(See Gnezdilov 2009)
= Okissus Matsumura, 1916: 104, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 89); type species: Okissus kuroiwae Matsumura, 1916, by original designation).
= Ecapelopterum Cheng & Yang, 1991. Nomen nudum.
= Ecapelopterum Chan & Yang, 1994: 74, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 89); type species: Ecapelopterum mirum Chan & Yang, 1994, by original designation).
Lollius abdominalis Stål, 1870
Lollius atromaculata Distant, 1917
Lollius australicus Stål, 1870 Indonesia (Ambon, Timor, Java, Sumbawa, Simba, Buru), Philippines, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Australia
= Lollius fuscus Melichar, 1906 (according to Jacobi, 1941)
= Lollius furcifer Stal, 1870 (according to Jacobi, 1941)
Lollius carinatus Schmidt, 1910
Lollius gratiosus Melichar, 1906 - New Guinea
Lollius invarium (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Mysool Island)
Lollius kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1916) - Japan: Ryukyus; Iriomote Island (East China Sea, near Taiwan)
Lollius laevis (Walker, 1870)
Lollius latifrons Schmidt, 1926 - Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius minax (Walker, 1870)
Lollius mirus (Chan & Yang, 1994)
Lollius morosus (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Morotai Island)
Lollius mouhoti Distant, 1909
Lollius pryeri Distant, 1910
Lollius pyrrhoceras Fennah, 1950
Lollius toxopei Schmidt, 1926 - Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius transversus Melichar, 1906
Lollius tricarinatus Schmidt, 1926 - Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius tumidulus (Walker, 1870)
Lollius virescens Distant, 1917
Lollius vittatus (Walker, 1870) - New Guinea
Lollius yehyuensis (Cheng & Yang, 1991)
Lollius kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1916) from Gnezdilov 2009 (Iriomote Island)
Orthophana Melichar, 1923 (monotypic)
Orthophana spinata Melichar, 1923
Oryxana Distant, 1910 (Type species Flata subacuta Walker, 1870)
= Issina Melichar, 1906 nomen praeoccupatum replaced by Issella Metcalf, 1952 nomen novum, according to Metcalf 1952: 227
= Issella Metcalf, 1952 synonym of Oryxana Distant, 1910 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
= Bühleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953 incorrect original spelling of Buehleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
= Buehleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953 synonym of Oryxana Distant, 1910 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
Oryxana lutea (Walker, 1857)
Oryxana rababa (Lallemand & Synave, 1953)
Oryxana rabana (Lallemand, 1953) - Indonesia
= Buehleria rabana Lallemand & Synave, 1953: 249.
= Oryxana rabana (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) ; new comb. by Gnezdilov 2009.
Oryxana subacuta (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Mysool Island)
= Flata subacuta Walker, 1870: 179.
= Oryxana subacuta (Walker, 1870); comb. by Distant, 1910: 320.
Oryxana subrecta Jacobi, 1941 - Indonesia (Sumbawa)
Oryxana suturalis (Melichar, 1906) - Indonesia
= Issina suturalis Melichar, 1906: 210.
= Issella suturalis Melichar, 1906) Metcalf 1952: 227.
Oryxana rabana (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) (Paratype) from Gnezdilov (2009)
Paratonga Schmidt, 1910 (monotypic)
Paratonga truncaticeps Schmidt, 1910 – Fly River, New Guinea; Mt Cameron, Tasmania (Australia)
Paratylana Melichar, 1906 (type species Issus herbidus Walker, 1870) (Apparently this genus is a junior syn. of Atylana; type species moved to Atylana by Fennah 1955)
Paratylana bifascia (Walker, 1870) - New Guinea
Paratylana constipata (Melichar, 1906) - New Guinea
Paratylana dimidiata (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (W. Papua, Mysool Island, Ambon Island)
Paratylana invasa (Melichar, 1906) - New Guinea
Paratylana laterata (Melichar, 1906) - Indonesia (Roon Island)
Paratylana picea (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Aru Island, W. Papua), New Guinea, Fiji
Paratylana walkeri Metcalf, 1958 - Indonesia (Ambon Is, Moratai Is, Aru Is, Mysool Is), New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pseudotylana Melichar, 1906 (type species Pseudotylana insculpta Melichar, 1906)
Pseudotylana electa (Melichar, 1906) - Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Pseudotylana insculpta Melichar, 1906 - Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Scalabis Stål, 1870 (Type species Tylana (Scalabis) philippina Stål, 1870)
Scalabis betulus (Fennah, 1950) - Fiji
= Capelopterum betulus Fennah, 1950 according to Fennah 1967
Scalabis bimaculata (Melichar, 1906) - Indonesia (W. Papua, Ambon Island), New Guinea, Sri Lanka
Scalabis calvena Fennah, 1967
Scalabis harpalyce Fennah, 1969
Scalabis hebe Fennah, 1954 - Philippines (Mindinao)
Scalabis informe (Walker, 1870)
Scalabis juventas Fennah, 1954 - Philippines (Milinao)
Scalabis nasuta Fennah, 1954 - Philippines (Sibuyan)
Scalabis nasuta proboscidea Fennah, 1954 - Philippines (Milinao)
Scalabis philippina Stål, 1870 - New Guinea, Philippines
Scalabis punctatella (Melichar, 1906)
Scalabis spissa (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Sula Island)
Scalabis tagalica Stål, 1870 - New Guinea, Philippines
Scalabis torpida (Melichar, 1906)
Tonga Kirkaldy, 1900 (Type species Cyrene guttulata Westwood, 1845)
= Cyrene Westwood 1845: 35 (preoccupied). Type species: Cyrene guttulata Westwood, 1845, by original designation.
= Tonga Kirkaldy, 1900: 242. New name for Cyrene Westwood, 1845.
= Sutteria Lallemand & Synave, 1953: 247, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 87). (Type species: Sutteria baingensis Lallemand & Synave, 1953, by original designation).
Tonga acutipennis Haupt, 1926
Tonga baingensis (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) - Indonesia
Tonga bipunctata Schmidt, 1910
Tonga botelensis Kato, 1933 - Japan
Tonga brunnea Schmidt, 1910 - Indonesia (Buru Island), New Guinea
Tonga foliacea (Stål, 1859)
Tonga formosana Matsumura, 1913
Tonga guttulata (Westwood, 1845) - Indonesia (Buru Island, Java, Sumatra)
Tonga hageni Schmidt, 1910 - Indonesia (Buru Island), New Guinea
Tonga inermis (Stål, 1870)
Tonga irregulata Haupt, 1926
Tonga mucronata (Stål, 1870)
Tonga semipolita Haupt, 1926
Tonga telifera (Walker, 1870) - Indonesia (Aru Island, Ceram, Moratai Is, Waygiou Island), Borneo
Tonga truncata Schmidt, 1910
Tonga unipunctata Schmidt, 1910
Tonga westwoodi (Signoret, 1862) - Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, Turtle Island
Tonga yayeyamana Matsumura, 1916
Tonga baingensis (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) (holotype) from Gnezdilov 2009
Tylana Stål, 1861 (Type species Issus cristata Fabricius, 1803)
Tylana carinata (Fabricius, 1803)
Tylana composita (Walker, 1857)
Tylana confinis Distant, 1909
Tylana conspersa Schmidt, 1910
Tylana cristata (Fabricius, 1803)
Tylana indecora Stål, 1869
Tylana lineolata (Walker, 1862)
Tylana mameti Synave, 1961
Tylana nigromaculata Williams, 1982
Tylana rodriguensis Williams, 1982
Tylana rudis Distant, 1909
Tylana separanda Melichar, 1906
Tylana truncata (Walker, 1858)
Additional photos and species listings:
Types of Swedish Museum “Tonga semiglabra Haglund, manuscript name ?” (photo) http://www2.nrm.se/en/homoptera_nrm/s/tonga_semiglabra.html
National Taiwan Insect Museum Digital Archives program - Collection database [Tonga specimens noted]
Photo Tonga sp.
Photo Tonga westwoodi (Signoret, 1862)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3961130458/in/photostream/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforests/3340216451/
References
Bourgoin Th. 2012. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 2012-07-31. http://hemiptera-databases.org/flow/
Cheng, Chiou-Ling and Yang, Chung-Tu. 1991. Nymphs of Issidae of Taiwan (Homoptera). Chinese Journal of Entomology 11: 232–241. [Genus noted]
Chan, M. L. and C. T. Yang. 1994. Issidae of Taiwan (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Chen Chung Book Press, Taipei. [Identification of 2 species found in Taiwan]
d'Urso, V. 2002. The wing-coupling apparatus of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha: structure, function, and systematic value. Denisia 4: 401-410. [genus noted]
Distant W. L. 1906. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Lt. Col. C. T. Birgham.3: 503 pp.
Fennah, R. G. 1954. The Higher classification of the family Issidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 105(19): 455-474.
Fennah R. G. 1955. A note on Paratylana Melichar (Fulgoroidea : Issidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 24: 48.
Fletcher, M. J. (2009 and updates). Identification keys and checklists for the leafhoppers, planthoppers and their relatives occurring in Australia and neighbouring areas (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). http://www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/leafhop/index.html
Gnezdilov, V. M. 2003. Review of the family Issidae (Homoptera, Cicadina) of the European fauna, with notes on the structure of ovipositor in planthoppers. Chteniya Pamyati Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha Kholodkovskogo (Meetings in memory of N.A. Cholodkovsky) 56(1): 1-145. [Russian with English summary]. [Tonga westwoodi noted]
Gnezdilov, V. M. 2009. Revisionary notes on some tropical Issidae and Nogodinidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49(1): 75-92.
Haupt, H. 1926. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Homopteren-Fauna der Philippinen. Philippine Journal of Science 29: 431-445.
Izzard. R. J. 1936. The Hemiptera of Christmas Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17:577-600 [Described Andrewsiella oceanica Izzard 1936 n g & n sp]
Kato, M. 1933. Notes on Japanese Homoptera, with descriptions of one new genus and some new species. Entomological World 1: 452-471.
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1900. Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Rhynchota. No. 1. The Entomologist 33: 238-243.
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1906. Leafhoppers and their natural enemies. Bulletin of The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experimental Station Entomological Series 1:271-479 [n. sp. & N. g. inc. Lollius angustifrons Kirkaldy 1906, Lollius acutipennis Kirkaldy 1906]
Lallemand, V. and H. Synave. 1953. Homoptères de Sumba et Florès. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 64: 229-254 [248].
Matsumura, S. 1913. Thousand insects of Japan additamenta. 1: 184 pp.
Matsumura, S. 1916. Synopsis der Issiden (Fulgoriden) Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 6: 85-118.
Melichar, L. 1906. Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 3: 1-327.
Schmidt, E. 1910. Die Issinen des Stettiner Museums. (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 71: 146-220.
Signoret, V. 1862. Quelques espèces nouvelles d'Hémiptères de Cochinchine. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (Ser. 4) 2: 123-126.
Stål, C. 1859. Novae quaedam Fulgorinorum formae speciesque insigniores. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 3: 313-327.
Stål, C. 1866. Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4:1-276. [Lollius n. g., Lollius australicus n. sp.]
Stål, C. 1870. Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Öfversigt Af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 27:607-776 [Lollius furcifer Stal 1870 n sp.]
Tsaur, S. C. 2005 Some fulgoroids (Insecta: Hemiptera) collected on Turtle Island, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 44(1): 1-4. [Tonga westwoodi (Signoret) noted]
Wen-Bin Yeh, Chung-Tu Yang, and Cho-Fat Hui. 2005 A molecular phylogeny of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) inferred from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Zoological Studies 44(4): 519-535. [Included species of Tonginae]
Walker, F. 1870. Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected in the Indian Archipelago by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 82-193.
Westwood, J. O. 1845. Description of some Homopterous insects from the East Indies. Arcana Entologica or illustrations of new, rare, and interesting insects 2: 33-35.
