Family Delphacidae Leach, 1815

Subfamily Delphacinae Leach, 1815

Tribe Delphacini Leach, 1815

Genus Tagosodes Asche and Wilson, 1990

Distribution: Pantropical and adjacent temperate regions

Type species (in original combination): Dicranotropis cubanus Crawford, 1914.

 

World Species

There are 20 species worldwide, as follow (distribution records may be incomplete, especially for the Old World):

New World

1 Tagosodes albifacies (Caldwell, 1951 in Caldwell & Marorell 1951) - Puerto Rico
2 Tagosodes albolineosus (Fowler, 1905: 135) - USA: FL; Cuba, ?Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua
3 Tagosodes anomalus (Muir, 1926) - Brazil
4 Tagosodes approximatus (Crawford, 1914: 622) - USA: FL; Bahamas (Great Inagua); Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Peru, Trinidad

5 Tagosodes biangulatus (Muir, 1929) - Argentina

6 Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford, 1914: 595) - USA: Florida; Bahamas (Great Inagua); Brazil, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman); Columbia, Cuba, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Bermuda, Trinidad, Venezuela; Nigeria, Ivory Coast (common and widely distributed in the Neotropics; also reported from New Jersey - this record needs confirmation)

7 Tagosodes dorsolineatus (Beamer, 1952) - USA: Texas

8 Tagosodes nauticus (Muir, 1926) - Guyana, Venezuela
9 Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir, 1926) - USA: Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi; Brazil, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Columbia, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela (common and widely distributed in the Neotropics)

10 Tagosodes wallacei (Muir and Giffard, 1924) - Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana, ?Honduras, Jamaica, Puerto Rico

Old World

1 Tagosodes baina (Ding and Kuoh, 1981: 192 in Kuoh et al. 1981) - China
2 Tagosodes candiope (Fennah, 1975: 97) - Sri Lanka
3 Tagosodes elpenor (Fennah, 1964) - Mauritius, Taiwan
4 Tagosodes flaviceps (Muir, 1929) - South Africa
5 Tagosodes incanus (Yang, 1989) - Taiwan
6 Tagosodes melicerta (Fennah, 1958: 460) - Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese Guinea)

7 Tagosodes nicias (Fennah, 1965: 45) - Papua New Guinea
8 Tagosodes pusanus (Distant, 1912: 191) - Taiwan, Philippines, Micronesia, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, China Indonesia (Suliwesi)
9 Tagosodes sternalis (Distant, 1916: 139) - Sri Lanka
10 Tagosodes timaea (Fennah, 1969: 56) - Sudan

Recorded hosts

Tagosodes cubanus and T. orizicolus are both rice pests in the Neotropics.  Both species are recorded from Oryza sativa L. (rice), Echinochloa sp. (cockspur grass), Cocos nucifera L. (coconut palm).

Tagosodes albolineous has been found in abundance on Paspalum fluitans (Elliott) Kunth in Florida

Plant names according to the PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov)

Economic importance

Tagosodes cubanus is a vector of Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV)

Tagosodes orizicolus is a vector of Mal de Rio Cuarto fijivirus (MRCV), and Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV)

 

Recognition

This genus is very similar to Sogatella (and to a lesser degree Matutinus). All species tend to be brown (Tagosodes is frequently darker than Sogatella) with a conspicuous pale stripe down the midline of the dorsum.  Like Sogatella, color can be both helpful and misleading, particularly since color intensity varies between males and females of the same species and between individuals from different localities.  Recognition of species can be difficult, and with some exceptions, requires males.  Some species can be very common and are found in considerable numbers.  Individuals can travel considerable distances and may be found well outside their usual range (possibly explaining the New Jersey record for Tagosodes cubanus). 

Tagosodes can be separated from Sogatella best by the shape of the genital diaphragm of the male - which is broadly "u" shaped in Sogatella versus a rectangular protrusion or raise T-shaped area in Tagosodes.

Tagosodes albolineosus

Below - Excellent live photos of Tagosodes albolineosus on Paspalum repens (= Paspalum fluitans (Elliott) Kunth, horsetail paspalum) in Florida, courtesy Lyle Buss (University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Plant Diagnostics Network)

Adult

On host - Paspalum repens (= Paspalum fluitans (Elliott) Kunth)

Nymph

Tagosodes albifacies (Caldwell 1951)

 

Tagosodes albolineosus from Fennah 1963 (A. Face; B. head and prothorax, dorsal view; C. head and prothorax lateral view; D. pygofer, caudal view, with postgenital segments, parameres and aedeagal complex removed; E. segment 10, left lateral view; F. aedeagus, left lateral view; G. right paramere, widest view).

Tagosodes anomalus

Tagosodes approximatus

Tagosodes approximatus From Caldwell & Martorell 1951.

 

Tagosodes cubanus

Tagosodes dorsolineatus - male

Tagosodes dorsolineatus from Beamer 1952

 

Tagosodes dorsolineatus - female

 

Tagosodes orizicolus - male

Tagosodes pusanus (the pale frons is a female brachypter)

Tagosodes wallacei

 

Websites: There is a webpage for Tagosodes orizicolus on Leafhopper, Planthopper & Psyllid Vectors of Plant Disease.  Tagosodes is here on discover Life.  This genus is not available (at this time) on Bugguide.

Molecular resources. There are 3 Tagosodes species (pusanus, orizicolus, and wallacei) currently available on Genbank; and there are 2 species (cubanus and orizicolus) currently on Barcode of Life. 

Selected references

Arias, M., M. Vivas, and A. Pantoja. 1993. Parasitization of Tagosodes orizicolus and T. cubanus in northeastern Colombian ricefields. I International Rice Research Newsletter 18(2): 32.

Asche, M. and M. R. Wilson. 1990. The delphacid genus Sogatella and related groups: a revision with special reference to rice-associated species (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Systematic Entomology 15: 1-42.

Beamer, R. H. 1952. One old and five new species of delphacine fulgorids (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 25(3): 111-115.

Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 [dated 1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

Crawford, D. L. 1914a. A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 46:557-640, plus 6 plates.

Distant, W. L. 1912a. Descriptions of new genera and species of Oriental Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 8) 9: 181-193.

Distant, W. L. 1916a. Rhynchota Homoptera: Appendix Vol. VI. In: A.E. Shipley, (ed.). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London. 6: i-vii, 1-248.

Fennah, R. G. 1958. Fulgoroidea from west Africa. Bulletin de l’institute Francaises de Afrique Noire 20. Series A Pp. 20:460-538.

Fennah, R. G. 1963. The Delphacid-species-complex known as Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research 54(1): 45-79.

Fennah, R. G. 1965. Delphacidae from Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 17(1): 1-59.

Fennah, R. G. 1969. Delphacidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) from the Sudan Republic. Acta Entomologica Fennica 26:1-78.

Fennah, R. G. 1975. Homoptera: Delphacidae from Ceylon. Entomologica Scandinavica (Supplement) 4: 79-136.

Fowler, W. W. 1905a. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana 1:125-139. Plate(s): 13.

Hernandez, M., T. Quesada, C. Munoz, and A. M. Espinoza. 2004. Genetic diversity of Costa Rican populations of the rice planthopper Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 52(3): 795-806.

Kuoh, C. L., J. H. Ding and L. X. Tian. 1981. A revision of the genus Himeunka Matsumura et Ishihara (Homoptera, Delphacidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica 24(2): 190-195.

Macaya-Lizano, A. V., Pereira, R. and A. M. Espinoza. 1997. Comparison of two tissue preparation methods to study the internal anatomy of the delphacid Tagosodes orizicolus with light and electron microscopy. Revista de Biologia Tropical 45(2): 927-932.

Mattio, M. F., A. Cassol, A. M. de Remes Lenicov, and G. Truol. 2008. Tagosodes orizicolus: nuevo vector potencial del Mal de Río Cuarto virus. Tropical Plant Pathology 33(3): 237-240.

Mora, R., A. Retana, and A. M. Espinoza. 2001. External morphology of Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94(3): 438-448.

Mora-Kepfer, R. and A. M. Espinoza. 2009. Parasitism and predation of the planthopper Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) by a dryinid parasitoid in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57(Suppl. 1): 203-211.

Muir, F.A.G. 1926b. Contributions to our knowledge of South American Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Part I. The Family Delphacidae. Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Entomological Series, Bulletin 18:1-51, plates 1-5.

Muir, F.A.G. 1929b. New and little-known African-Delphacidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 10) 4:186-222.

Muir, F.A.G. and Giffard, W. M. 1924a. Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological series no. 15: 1-53.

Sanchez-Soto, S., J. A. Jimenez-Chong, and M. Zetina-Lanz. 1999. Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera, Delphacidae), a rice pest in the region of Chontalpa, Tabasco state, Mexico. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 1999(106): 125-126 [In Spanish].

Triana, E. M., A. Pineda, C. Pardey, A. Pantoja, and M. C. Duque. 1994. Mecanismos de resistencia al dano mecanico por Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir) (Sogatodes orizicola) en arroz. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 20(1): 23-26.

Vivas C., E. Luis and S. Clacijo. 2000. Fluctuacion poblacional de Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir) 1926 (Homoptera: Delphacidae) en el sistema de riego Rio Guarico, Calabozo, estado Guarico, Venezuela. Boletín de Entomología Venezolana 15(2): 217-227.

Xet-Mull, A. M., T. Quesada, T. and A. M. Espinoza. 2004. Phylogenetic position of the yeast-like symbiotes of Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) based on 18S ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52(3): 777-785.

Yang, C. T. 1989. Delphacidae of Taiwan II (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). NSC Special Publications 6: 1-334.

Zeigler, R. S., A. Pantoja, M. C. Duque, and G. Weber. 1994. Characteristics of resistance in rice to rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) and its vector, Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir). Annals of Applied Biology 124(3): 429-440.