Family Delphacidae

Subfamily Delphacinae

Tribe Delphacini

 

Distribution: Delphacodes in the strict sense is a western Palearctic genus. However, currently there are species placed in this genus from all over the world.

Type species (In original combination):  Delphax mulsanti Fieber, 1866

Recognized species

By my count, there are 164 species currently placed in this genus.  However, following Asche & Remane (1983), there are only 10 species legitimately placed in this genus.

Species list: Delphacodes sensu stricto - Distribution information for Old World species may be incomplete.

These species are Delphacodes in the strict sense and all others placed in the genus are of uncertain status.

Distribution information may be incomplete.

1 Delphacodes audrasi Ribaut, 1953 - France
2 Delphacodes capnodes (Scott, 1870) - British Isles, England, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Yugoslavia
3 Delphacodes fascia (Lindberg, 1960) - Portugal

4 Delphacodes framarib Asche et al. 1983 - Spain

5 Delphacodes linnavuori (Le Quense, 1960)

6 Delphacodes mulsanti (Fieber, 1866) - France
7 Delphacodes nastasi Asche et al. 1983 - Greece

8 Delphacodes ornatipennis (Haupt, 1927) - Afghanistan, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Palestine

9 Delphacodes schinias Asche et al. 1983 - Greece
10 Delphacodes venosus (Germar, 1830) - Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden,

Species list: Delphacodes sensu lato

These species are currently placed in Delphacodes, but their actual status is unclear. It is entirely possible that some of these names represent missed synonymies on my part.

Palearctic species of uncertain status -   Fauna Europaea treats many of these species under their original combination (as noted). 

1 Delphacodes agropyri Ishihara, 1949 - Japan (Honshu)
2 Delphacodes axillaris (Sahlberg, 1876) - Finland (Fauna Europaea places this species in Liburnia)
3 Delphacodes burjata (Kusnezov, 1929) - Turkestan
4 Delphacodes conspicua (Horvath, 1904) - Turkestan, Kazakhstan
5 Delphacodes esakii Matsumura & Ishihara, 1945 - Japan, Taiwan
6 Delphacodes flava Metcalf, 1943 (new name for Delphax flavescens Ivanoff 1885, not Fabricius 1794) - Russia
7 Delphacodes fukuokae Ishihara, 1949 - Japan (Kyushu)
8 Delphacodes fuscifrons (Fieber, 1879) - Belgium, France (Fauna Europaea places this species in Liburnia)
9 Delphacodes gilveola (Kirschbaum, 1868) - Austria, Germany, Turkestan (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)

10 Delphacodes gracilis (Matsumura, 1915) - Korea
11 Delphacodes hemiptera (Germar, 1818) - Europe, Alaska (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
12 Delphacodes latifrons (Fieber, 1872) - France, Germany (Fauna Europaea places this species in Liburnia)

13 Delphacodes leptypha (Amyot, 1847) - France
14 Delphacodes macroptera (Costa, 1834) - Italy (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
15 Delphacodes melanocephala (Fieber, 1879) - Austria, Germany, Russia, Ukraine
16 Delphacodes modesta (Fieber, 1866) - France (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
17 Delphacodes nigerrima Ishihara, 1949 - Japan (Honshu)
18 Delphacodes radiata (Costa, 1834) - Italy (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
19 Delphacodes sahlbergiana Ishihara, 1949 - Japan
20 Delphacodes stigmaticalis (Curtis, 1837) - England, Ireland, Great Britain (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
21 Delphacodes tapina (Fieber, 1866) - Denmark, France, Italy (Sardinia) (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
22 Delphacodes uncinata Fieber, 1866) - Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Portugal (Fauna Europaea places this species in Delphax)
23 Delphacodes walkeri Metcalf, 1943 - Egypt

Australian species of uncertain status

1 Delphacodes hyas (Kirkaldy, 1907) - Queensland

African species of uncertain status (including nearby islands)

1Delphacodes actaeon Fennah, 1958 - Mauritania

2Delphacodes aglauros Fennah, 1958 - Senegal
3 Delphacodes anthracina (Horvath, 1909) - Canary Islands, Maderia Archipelago (Fauna Europaea places this species in Liburnia)
4 Delphacodes catilina Fennah, 1958 - SW Africa  (called "Toya catilina" by Harder and Bakker 1973, Abo and Sy 1997)

5Delphacodes distanti Metcalf, 1943 - Seychelles
6 Delphacodes graminis Lindberg, 1958 - Cape Verde Islands
7 Delphacodes parvistylus Muir, 1929 - South Africa
8 Delphacodes sabrina Fennah, 1958 - South Africa
9 Delphacodes semiobscura Metcalf, 1943 (new name Liburnia seminigra Melichar 1905, not Delphax
seminigra Stal 1854) - Tanganyika

Indo-Malayan species of uncertain status

1 Delphacodes kotonis (Matsumura, 1940) - Taiwan
2 Delphacodes flavida (Melichar, 1903) - Sri Lanka
3 Delphacodes kahavalu (Kirkaldy, 1863) - Sri Lanka

4 Delphacodes marginalis (Motschulsky, 1863) - Sri Lanka

5 Delphacodes pallidula (Melichar, 1903) - Sri Lanka
6 Delphacodes unistrigosa (Motschulsky, 1863) - Sri Lanka

Pacific Island species of uncertain status
1 Delphacodes celaeno Fennah, 1956 - Caroline Island
2 Delphacodes thersander Fennah, 1956 - Caroline Island
3 Delphacodes amblystylis Fennah, 1956 - Mariana Island
4 Delphacodes muirella Metcalf, 1943 (new name for Delphacodes pacifica Muir 1927, not Megamelus
pacificus Crawford 1914)- Tahiti
5 Delphacodes choroebus Fennah, 1958 - Mangareva Island

6 Delphacodes muirianus Izzard, 1936 - Christmas Island

Atlantic Island species of uncertain status

1 Delphacodes ixion Fennah, 1958 - Cook Island

New World species of uncertain status

The range information is intended to be a full compilation of published range information, although I may have missed some entries. US State abbreviations follow the US Postal Service. Canadian Province abbreviations follow Maw et al. (2000).

1 Delphacodes aculeata Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL
2 Delphacodes acuministyla Dozier, 1926 -USA : CT, IL, LA, MO, MS, VA
3 Delphacodes adunca Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, NC
4 Delphacodes alexanderi Metcalf, 1923) - USA: FL, GA, IL, MO, MS, NC, TN, VA
5 Delphacodes andromeda Van Duzee, 1907) - USA: FL, IL, MA, MO, MS, NC, TN; Cuba, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
6 Delphacodes angulata Beamer, 1947 - USA: KS, MO, TX
7 Delphacodes anufrievi Wilson, 1992 - Canada: BC, SK, YK
8 Delphacodes apicata Beamer, 1948 - USA: AZ
9 Delphacodes arcuata Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL; Dominica, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Is.)
10 Delphacodes ardentis Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL; Mexico
11 Delphacodes argentina De Remes, Lenikov & Teson, 1979 - Argentina
12 Delphacodes aterrima Muir, 1926 - Brazil, British Guiana (Surinam?)
13 Delphacodes atrior (Fowler, 1905) - Mexico
14 Delphacodes balli Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: CT; CAN: ON
15 Delphacodes banosensis Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
16 Delphacodes bellicosa Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: CA
17 Delphacodes bergi (Scott, 1881) - Argentina
18 Delphacodes bifurca Beamer, 1946 - USA: KS, MO, NC, TN
19 Delphacodes bocana Beamer, 1946 - USA: TX
20 Delphacodes caerulata Beamer, 1947 - USA: KS, MO
21 Delphacodes carinata (Glover, 1877) - USA
22 Delphacodes cayamensis (Crawford, 1914) - Cuba
23 Delphacodes cerberus Fennah, 1957 - Juan Fernandez Islands
24 Delphacodes chiloensis Muir, 1929 - Chiloe Is. (Chile)
25 Delphacodes compta Beamer, 1948 - USA: CA
26 Delphacodes cornuta Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL
27 Delphacodes culta (Van Duzee, 1907) - USA: FL: Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica.
28 Delphacodes curvistyla Dozier, 1926 - USA: LA, MS
29 Delphacodes darwini Muir, 1929 - Chiloe Is. (Chile)
30 Delphacodes dentipennis Beamer, 1948 - USA: CT, NC, VA, WI
31 Delphacodes dentis Beamer, 1948 - USA: TX; CAN: NT )
32 Delphacodes detecta (Van Duzee, 1897) - USA: CT, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, TX, VA; CAN: NS, PE; Bahamas (Exuma); Bermuda, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Is.), St. Thomas, Turks & Caicos
33 Delphacodes elongatus Teson and remes Lenicov, 1993 - Argentina
34 Delphacodes emeljanovi Wilson, 1992 - CAN: AB, BC, NT, YK
35 Delphacodes floridae Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA:FL; Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico
     Delphacodes floridae puertoriciensis Caldwell, 1951 - Puerto Rico, Montserrat, Dominican Republic
36 Delphacodes fulvidorsum Metcalf, 1923) -USA: FL, GA, MO, TX; Bahamas (Rum Cay Rum Cay, Exuma Cays); Bermuda, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico
37 Delphacodes furcata (Provancher, 1872) - USA: NH, NY; CAN: ON, QC
38 Delphacodes gluciophila Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
39 Delphacodes guianensis Muir, 1919 - British Guiana
40 Delphacodes humilis (Van Duzee, 1907) -USA: FL; Argentina, Bahamas (Eleuthera, San Salvador); Belize, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Guadalupe, Guyana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Venezuela
41 Delphacodes incerta (Van Duzee, 1897) -USA: OH, NY; CAN: QC
42 Delphacodes incurva Beamer, 1948 -USA: CT, KS; CAN: BC
43 Delphacodes indentistyla Dozier, 1926 - USA: MS
44 Delphacodes koebelei Muir & Giffard, 1924 - Mexico, Ecuador
45 Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah, 1955 -Chile, Juan Fernandez Is., Argentina
46 Delphacodes lappae Beamer, 1946 - USA: TX
47 Delphacodes latidens Beamer, 1948 - USA: TX
48 Delphacodes latus De Remes, Lenikov & Teson, 1979 - Argentina
49 Delphacodes livida Beamer, 1948 - USA: CT
50 Delphacodes lutea Beamer, 1946 - USA: KS, IL

51 Delphacodes luteivitta (Walker, 1851) - USA: FL
52 Delphacodes lutulentoides Beamer, 1948 - USA: CA; CAN: BC, SK
53 Delphacodes magna (Crawford, 1914) - USA: CO, OR, IL; CAN: AB, BC, NF, QC, YK
54 Delphacodes marginicornis (Fowler, 1905) - Mexico
55 Delphacodes mcateei Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: IL, MD, MO
56 Delphacodes mesada Caldwell 1951 - Puerto Rico
57 Delphacodes montezumae Muir and Giffard, 1924 - Mexico, USA: KY
58 Delphacodes munda Beamer, 1948 - USA: CO; CAN: AB
59 Delphacodes nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914) - USA: CO, CT, NC, NJ, NY, OH, VA, WI; CAN: AB, LB, ON, QC, SK, YK
60 Delphacodes nigrifacies Muir, 1918 - USA: FL; Costa Rica, Dominica, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Vincent
61 Delphacodes nigrigaster (Crawford, 1914) - USA: CO
62 Delphacodes nigrinota Beamer, 1951 - USA: TX; Mexico
63 Delphacodes nigripennata Beamer, 1946 - USA: FL, KS, NC
64 Delphacodes nigripennis (Crawford, 1914) - Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico
65 Delphacodes nitens Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: IL, MD, OH, PA, TN
66 Delphacodes pacifica (Crawford, 1914) - USA: AZ, CA, IL, MO, MS; Mexico
67 Delphacodes paludicola Muir Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
68 Delphacodes patruelis (Stal, 1859) - Argentina
69 Delphacodes penedetecta Beamer, 1950 - USA: FL, LA, MS, NJ
70 Delphacodes penelutea Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, MS
71 Delphacodes peneparvula Beamer, 1947 - USA: KS, KY, OK, TX
72 Delphacodes penepuella Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, NY
73 Delphacodes perusta Beamer, 1947 - USA: OH, IL, NY, TN
74 Delphacodes platystylus Muir, 1930 - Argentina
75 Delphacodes plenatra Beamer, 1948 - USA: AZ, NM, UT
76 Delphacodes puella (Van Duzee, 1897) - USA: AL, AR, CA, CT, CO, DC, FL, GA, HI, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, TN, VA, WA; Canada: Que., Ont.; Bermuda, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico

77 Delphacodes quadridentis Beamer, 1948 - USA: MS, FL
78 Delphacodes quadrispinosa Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: FL; Cuba, Nicaragua
79 Delphacodes rectangularis (Crawford, 1914) - Nicaragua
80 Delphacodes recurvata Beamer, 1948 - USA: DC, FL, NC
81 Delphacodes reducta (Van Duzee, 1907) - Jamaica
82 Delphacodes rivularis (Germar, 1830) - USA: GA
83 Delphacodes saccharicola Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
84 Delphacodes sagae Beamer, 1946 - USA: IL, MO, NC, NY; CAN: ON
85 Delphacodes sagata (Fowler, 1905) - Mexico, Panama
86 Delphacodes saxicola Muir, 1926 - Brazil

87 Delphacodes scolochloa Cronin and Wilson 2007 - USA: ND
88 Delphacodes securigera Muir, 1926 - Brazil
89 Delphacodes selkirki Fennah, 1955 - Juan Ferandez Island
90 Delphacodes seminigra (Stal, 1854) - USA: CO, FL, Brazil, Jamaica
91 Delphacodes serrata Beamer, 1948 - USA: CT, NY; CAN: AB, MB, NT, ON, SK, YK
92 Delphacodes shermani (Metcalf, 1923) - USA: NC, KS
93 Delphacodes silvae Beamer, 1946 - USA: TX
94 Delphacodes sitarea De Remes, Lenikov & Teson, 1979 - Argentina
95 Delphacodes spinosus Teson et al 1992 - Argentina
96 Delphacodes staminata (Metcalf, 1923) - USA: IL
97 Delphacodes stricklandi Metcalf, 1946 - CAN: AB, MB, SK
98 Delphacodes sucinea Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, MS
99 Delphacodes tenae Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
100 Delphacodes trimaculata Beamer, 1948 - USA: CT, DC, IL, MD, VA
101 Delphacodes truncata Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, GA, LA, MO, MS, VA
102 Delphacodes turgida Beamer, 1948 - USA: FL, GA
103 Delphacodes uhleri Muir and Giffard, 1924 - USA: VA
104 Delphacodes univittata (Berg, 1879) - Argentina
105 Delphacodes vaccina Caldwell, 1951 - Puerto Rico
106 Delphacodes waldeni (Metcalf, 1923) - USA: CT
107 Delphacodes xerophila Muir, 1926 - Ecuador
108 Delphacodes xerosa Caldwell, 1951 - Puerto Rico

 

Recorded Hosts

[still to come]

 

Economic Importance

While most species of "Delphacodes" are obscure or rarely encountered, a variety of species have been found in agricultural crops and may serve as potential vectors of plant disease. 

Delphacodes kuscheli is a vector of Mal de Rio Cuarto (MRCV) in corn in South America. 

Delphacodes catilina Fennah, 1958 (as "Toya catilina") is a vector of Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus (VIDE Rhabdoviridae) (see also here) (as "African Cereal Streak Virus") (Harder and Bakker 1973; Abo and Sy 1997).

 

Recognition

[still to come]

Some fairly awful pictures of Delphacodes mulsanti (Det. by Wagner) - posted because this is the type species.

Delphacodes audrasi (also Delphacodes s.s.).

 

Delphacodes capnodes (also Delphacodes s.s.). (Det Wagner - also an awful specimen)

 

New World species of uncertain status

Delphacodes acuministyla

Delphacodes alexanderi

Delphacodes andromeda

Delphacodes arcuata

Delphacodes aterrima

Delphacodes banosensis (holotype, Ecuador)

Delphacodes bellicosa

 

Delphacodes bifurca

 

Delphacodes detecta

Delphacodes emeljanovi

Delphacodes floridae

Male

Female

Delphacodes serrata

 

 

 

Palearctic species of uncertain status

Delphacodes agropyri (Japan)

Male

Female

Molecular Resources

Genbank lists molecular data at this time for 15 species of Delphacodes, all New World species, of which 11 are currently placed in Delphacodes (viz. Delphacodes acuministyla, D. alexanderi, D. andromeda, D. detecta, D. emeljanovi, D. fulvidorsum, D. lutea, D. nigrifacies, D. penedetecta , D. puella, and D. sagae).  Of the remaining 4, Delphacodes atralabis, D. campestris, and Delphacodes rotundata are now in Muirodelphax (the latter two Muirodelphax arvensis and M. parvula respectively); and Delphacodes lutulenta is now in Kosswigianella.

 

BOLD appears to have one undetermined Delphacodes.

Selected References

Abo, M. E. and Sy, A. A. 1997. Rice Virus Diseases: Epidemiology and Management Strategies. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 11(2): 113-134.

Asche, M. 1985a. Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera: Cicadina: Fulgoromorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2(1):1-398 AND 2(2): 399-910.

Asche, M. and R. Remane. 1983. Zur Problematik von Delphacodes mulsanti (Fieber 1866) und zur Kenntnis einiger benachbarter Taxa (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Delphacidae) (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(8): 25-56.

China, W. E. 1954. Delphacodes Fieber, 1866, versus Calligypona J. Sahlberg, 1871 (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 90: 165.

Dlabola, J. 1957. The problem of the gen[era] Delphacodes and Calligypona, three new species and other Czechoslovakian Faunistics (Hom. Auchenorrh.). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 31(476):113-119.

Dlabola, J. 1961. Calligypona Sahlberg 1871 is a real and valid genus. Revision of the type Delphacodes mulsanti Fieber (Homptera Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 34(577):47-50.

Harder, D. E. and W. Bakker. 1973. African Cereal Streak, a new disease of cereals in East Africa. Phytopathology 63: 1407-1411

de Remes-Lenicov, A.M.M. and A. Teson. 1978. Contribucion al estudio de los fulgoridos Argentinos I (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae). Revista Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 37(1-4):17-22.

de Remes-Lenicov, A.M.M. and A. Teson. 1979. Contribucion al estudio de los Fulgoridos argentinos. 2. (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Delphacidae). Neotropica (La Plata) 25(73): 69-76.

de Remes-Lenicov, A.M.M. and E. G. Virla. 1999. Delfácidos asociados al cultivo de maíz en la República Argentina (Insecta – Homoptera – Delphacidae). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (La Plata) 104(1): 1-15.

Virla, E.G., and A.M.M. de Remes-Lenicov. 2000 Presencia del vector del Mal de Rio IV, Delphacodes kuscheli (Homoptera, Delphacidae), en la provincia de Jujuy. [Presence of the vector of "Mal del Rio IV," Delphacodes kuscheli (Homoptera, Delphacidae) in the Jujuy area.] Acta Zoologica Lilloana 45(2): 287-288. [Spanish]

Wagner, W. 1963 [dated 1962]. Dynamische Taxionomie, angewandt auf die Delphaciden Mitteleuropas. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 60: 111-189.