Family Delphacidae Leech, 1815

Subfamily Asiracinae Fieber, 1872

Tribe Ugyopini Fennah, 1979

 

Distribution:  Widespread, but patchy in tropical regions. As noted in Fennah (1964: 119)  concerning Ugyops "Its members are impressively widespread among oceanic islands of the Pacific, are found in the Mascarene Islands, and range through tropical South America into the Greater Antilles. In the continental areas of the Old World... the genus is not represented in Africa and in continental Asia has been found only on the south-eastern seaboard, in "Cochin-China". It is known that species of the genus occur in northern Australia, New Guinea, the Moluccas, Borneo and Sumatra and in some of the smaller islands of Indonesia, but the only evidence of its presence on the continent immediately north of Java and Sumatra is provided by specimens from Thailand in the present collection, and of its presence in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean by a specimen from Narcondam Island."

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Type species (in original combination): Ugyops percheronii Guerin-Meneville, 1834.

Generic synonymy

  Bidis Walker, 1857: 88 (Type species Bidis notivena Walker, 1857); synonymy by Fowler, 1905: 131, 137.
  Cona White, 1879: 218 (Type species Cona caelata White, 1879: 526); unavailable, replaced by Micromasoria Kirkaldy, 1904.
  Consualia Distant, 1917: 304 (Type species Consualia robusta Distant, 1917); synonymy by Asche, 1985: 283).
  Eucanyra Crawford, 1914: 568 (Type species Eucanyra stigmata Crawford, 1914: 569); synonymy by Fennah, 1959: 247.
  Epibidis Fowler, 1905: 131 (Type species Epibidis godmani Fowler, 1905); synonymy by Fennah, 1959: 247.
  Hygiops Amyot and Serville, 1843: 511 (Type species Hygiops percheronii Amyot and Serville, 1843); synonymy by Muir, 1915: 212, 267-269.
  Jugodina Schumacher, 1915: 140 (Type species Jugodina dictyophoroides Schumacher, 1915); synonymy by Ishihara, 1949: 9.
  Livatis Stål, 1859: 274 (Type species Delphax annulipes Stål, 1854); synonymy by Fennah, 1964: 120; Asche, 1985: 283.
  Micromasoria Kirkaldy, 1904: 279 (Type species Cona caelata White, 1879: 526); new name for unavailable Cona White, 1879; Synonymy with Ugyops by Fennah 1965: 7 (see also Asche, 1985: 283).

Subgenera

Several subgenera have been defined (such as Paracona Fennah, 1965: 11), but they have been inconsistently used and few species are clearly and explicitly placed within subgenera.  Fennah, 1964, divided Ugyops into two functional groups - long-winged forms that are Ugyops s.s. (noting U. kinbergi as an example in addition to the type species), and short-winged forms (the Livatis group), noting only U. annulipes. I will specify subgenera here once I have determined their species composition.

Paracona Fennah, 1965:11 (Type species Ugyops pelorus Fennah, 1965) includes Ugyops raouli.

Livatis Stal, 1859: 274 (Type species Delphax annulipes Stal. 1859) includes (at least) Ugyops annulipes, U. brevifrons and U. longifrons.

Recognized species

There are 101 species and 12 subspecies currently placed in this genus (distribution information incomplete, I'm working on updating the Old World species; the "?" in the distributions are data I need to check with the original source).

(Fennah, 1971 indicates that the ICZN considers the -ops termination as masculine.  ICZN 1999 article 30.1.4.3 specifically indicates that '-ops' is male; below, where I have emended names to be masculine, I indicate this with a "*" to indicate that the emendation may not be published; I will remove this indication where I subsequently find the emended termination has been published).

New World
1 Ugyops bifurcatus (Metcalf, 1945)* - Guyana

     = Eucanyra bufurcata Metcalf, 1945.

     = Ugyops bifurcata (Metcalf, 1945); comb. by Fennah, 1959: 247 (by implication).

2 Ugyops brunneus (Fowler, 1905) - Panama

     = Epibidis brunnea Fowler, 1905: 132.

     = Ugyops brunneus (Fowler, 1905); comb. by Fennah, 1964: 123-124.

3 Ugyops flagellatus (Fennah, 1945)* - Trinidad

     = Eucanyra flagellata Fennah, 1945: 426.

     = Ugyops flagellata (Fennah, 1945); comb. by Fennah, 1959: 247.

4 Ugyops godmani (Fowler, 1905) - Panama, Costa Rica

    = Epibidis godmani Fowler, 1905: 131.

    = Ugyops godmani (Fowler, 1905); comb. by Fennah, 1964: 122-123.

5 Ugyops isolatus Caldwell, 1951* - Vieques Island (Puerto Rico)

    =  Ugyops isolata Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martotell 1951)
6 Ugyops occidentalis Muir, 1918 - Puerto Rico
7 Ugyops osborni Metcalf, 1943: 45 - Puerto Rico

    = Ugyops granulata Osborn, 1935 [nec. Ugyops granulatus Melichar 1914: 175]; unavailable name replaced by Metcalf, 1943: 45.
8 Ugyops palliatus Fennah, 1964: 121 - Panama

    = Epibidis godmani Fowler, 1905 (auctt. in part); syn. by Fennah, 1964: 121-122.

    = Epibidis brunnea Fowler, 1905 (auctt. in part); syn. by Fennah, 1964: 121-122.

9 Ugyops romani (Muir, 1930: 207) - Brazil (Amazons)

    = Eucanyra romani Muir, 1930: 207.

    = Ugyops romani (Muir, 1930); comb. by Fennah, 1959: 247 (by implication).

10 Ugyops stigmatus (Crawford, 1914: 569)* - Belize, Panama (Canal Zone)

    = Eucanyra stigmata Crawford, 1914: 569.

    = Ugyops stigmata (Crawford, 1914); comb. by Fennah, 1959: 247 (by implication).

11 Ugyops tamu Fennah, 1964: 123 - Brazil
12 Ugyops taracuae (Muir, 1930) - Brazil (Amazons).

    = Eucanyra taracuae Muir, 1930: 207.

    = Ugyops taracuae (Muir, 1930); comb. by Fennah, 1959: 247 (by implication).

Old World
1 Ugyops alecto Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
2 Ugyops almo (Fennah, 1958) - Austral Is., Raivavae Is., Rimatara Is
3 Ugyops amboinensis Muir, 1913: 251 - Amboyna (Malaysia)
4 Ugyops anatahani Fennah, 1956: 101 - Mariana Is.
5 Ugyops annulipes annulipes (Stål, 1859) - Guam, Saipan (South Mariana Is.)

  Ugyops annulipes pisanus Fennah, 1956: 98* - East Caroline Islands (Nama, Truk)
6 Ugyops apollo Fennah, 1956: 100 - Caroline Is.
7 Ugyops arestor Fennah, 1969 - Lifu Is. (Loyalty Islands)
8 Ugyops ariadne Fennah, 1956: 98 - Western Caroline Is. (Yap Is.); also possibly Lamotrek, Ulithi, Woleai, Ifaluk
9 Ugyops arignotus Fennah, 1964: 135 - New Hebrides
10 Ugyops aristellus (Kirby, 1900) - Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
11 Ugyops astrolabei Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
12 Ugyops atreces Fennah, 1964: 139 - New Caledonia
13 Ugyops bianor Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
14 Ugyops bougainvillei Muir, 1921 - Samoa
15 Ugyops brevifrons (Jacobi, 1928) - Australia: Queensland
16 Ugyops brevipennis Muir, 1921 - Samoa
17 Ugyops bryani Muir, 1927 - Samoa

18 Ugyops butleri Muir, 1925: 221 - Loyalty Islands (Melanesia)
19 Ugyops buxtoni Muir, 1931 - New Herbrides
20 Ugyops caelatus (White, 1879) - New Zealand
21 Ugyops cantilenus Fennah, 1964: 126* - Thailand
22 Ugyops cassander Fennah, 1964: 129 - Sarawak (Borneo, Malaysia)
23 Ugyops cercyo Fennah, 1971: 569 - Ocean Islands (Banaba)
24 Ugyops cheesmanae Fennah, 1964: 133 - New Hebrides
25 Ugyops contiguus (Walker, 1857b: 151) - Borneo
26 Ugyops crotopus (Fennah, 1958) - Cook Is.,
27 Ugyops demeter angusticaudus* Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
     Ugyops demeter demeter Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
     Ugyops demeter laticaudus* Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
28 Ugyops demonice Fennah, 1970 - ? Solomon Islands
29 Ugyops eos Fennah, 1956: 102 - eastern Caroline Islands (Kapingamarangi)
30 Ugyops facialis Distant, 1917: 305 - Seychelles (Indian Ocean)
31 Ugyops flyensis Schmidt, 1930 - New Guinea

     Ugyops granulatus Melichar, 1914: 175; to Melanesia Kirkaldy 1907 by Muir 1916: 369.
32 Ugyops hackeri Donaldson, 1983: 283 - Australia: Queensland
33 Ugyops haliacmon (Fennah, 1958) - Society Islands
34 Ugyops houadouensis Distant, 1920 - New Caledonia (Melanesia)
35 Ugyops impictus (Stål, 1870) - Philippine Islands
36 Ugyops inermis Distant, 1920 - New Caledonia (Melanesia)
37 Ugyops insularis Muir, 1926 - Mentawi Islands (East Indies)
38 Ugyops kellersi Muir, 1921 - Samoa
39 Ugyops kinbergi kinbergi Stål, 1859: 274 - Insula Pouynipet, East Caroline Islands (Ponape, Sonsorol, Nukuoro) (Micronesia), Java

     Ugyops kinbergi civilis Fennah, 1956: 91 - Caroline Is. (Yap, Caroline Atolls [Nomwin, Ulithi], Truk)

     Ugyops kinbergi guahoni Fennah, 1956: 89 - Southern Mariana Is., Guam

     Ugyops kinbergi kusaieanus* Fennah, 1956: 93 - Eastern Caroline is. (Kusaie)

     Ugyops kinbergi magas Fennah, 1956 : 92 - Marshall Is. (Jaluit)

     Ugyops kinbergi palauanus* Fennah, 1956: 90 - Western Caroline Islands (Palau)
40 Ugyops lalokensis Muir, 1913: 252 - Papua New Guinea

    = Eucanyra lalokensis (Muir, 1913); comb. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 4.
41 Ugyops lato Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
42 Ugyops laui Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
43 Ugyops leaenus* (Fennah, 1958) - Danger Is.,
44 Ugyops lifuanus Fennah, 1969 - Lifu Is. (Loyalty Islands)
45 Ugyops liturifrons (Walker, 1870: 119) - Malaysia, Molucca Island, New Guinea, Amboyna, Ceram, Larat (Malaysia)
46 Ugyops longiceps Muir, 1931 - Australia: Queensland
47 Ugyops longifrons (Jacobi, 1928) - Australia: Queensland
48 Ugyops macareis Fennah, 1964: 128 - Thailand
49 Ugyops maculipennis Schmidt, 1926 - ? Molucca Island
50 Ugyops manturnus* Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
51 Ugyops medius (Walker, 1870: 121) - Molucca Island
52 Ugyops menelaus Fennah, 1964: 142 - New Caledonia
53 Ugyops musgravei Muir, 1931 - Lord Howe Island (Australia)
54 Ugyops necopinus Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
55 Ugyops nemestrinus Fennah, 1969 - New Caledonia
56 Ugyops nerinus Fennah, 1964: 124 - Narcondam Island
57 Ugyops nesiotes Fennah, 1964: 125 - Krakatau
58 Ugyops notivenus (Walker, 1857: 88) - Malay Peninsula (East Indies), Krakatau, Sumatra, Sebesi (East Indies)
59 Ugyops ocypetes Fennah, 1964: 131 - New Hebrides (Banks Is.)
60 Ugyops odites Fennah, 1964: 130 - New Guinea
61 Ugyops orchamus jugis Fennah, 1964: 139 - New Hebrides
     Ugyops orchamus orchamus Fennah, 1964: 138 - New Hebrides
62 Ugyops orestillus Fennah, 1964: 134* - New Hebrides
63 Ugyops oromedon (Fennah, 1958) - Tokelau Is.,
64 Ugyops pelorus Fennah, 1965: 11 - New Zealand
65 Ugyops percheronii Guerin-Meneville, 1834: 478 (Guerin-Meneville 1829, plate 58, fig. 16 nom nud.) - Indochina
66 Ugyops pictifrons (Stål, 1870) - Philippine Islands, Mindanao (Philippines)
67 Ugyops pictulus (Walker, 1857b: 150) - Borneo

       = Bidis punctifrons Walker, 1857b: 150; syn. by Distant 1910: 337.
68 Ugyops plangunculus* Fennah, 1969 - Lifu Is. (Loyalty Islands)
69 Ugyops privatus (Walker, 1870: 120) - Molucca Island
70 Ugyops pygmaeus Fennah, 1964: 137 - New Hebrides
71 Ugyops raouli (Muir, 1923) - Raoul Island (Pacific Ocean near New Zealand)
72 Ugyops rhadamanthus Fennah, 1965: 9 - New Zealand
73 Ugyops robustus (Distant, 1917: 304) - Seychelles

     = Consualia robusta Distant 1917; to Ugyops by Asche, 1985: 283 (by implication).
74 Ugyops rotanus* Fennah, 1956: 101 - Southern Mariana Is. (Rota)
75 Ugyops rufus Muir, 1927 - Samoa
76 Ugyops samoaensis ferus Fennah, 1964: 121 - Niue
     Ugyops samoaensis samoaensis Muir, 1921 - Samoa, Savage Island (Polynesia)
77 Ugyops sejunctus Donaldson, 1983: 283 - Australia: Queensland
78 Ugyops senescens Distant, 1909 - Seychelles, Amirantes Island (Indian Ocean)
79 Ugyops seychellensis Distant, 1917: 305 - Seychelles (Indian Ocean)
80 Ugyops similis Schmidt, 1926 - Molucca Island
81 Ugyops superciliatus Fennah, 1956: 94* - Caroline Atolls (Mokil, Pingelap), Ponepe, Kusaie; Marshall Is., eastern Caroline Islands
82 Ugyops taranis Fennah, 1964: 141 - New Caledonia
83 Ugyops tripunctatus (Kato, 1931) - Japan, Taiwan (Orchard Is.); China
84 Ugyops vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1907 - Fiji
85 Ugyops vittatus (Matsumura, 1906) - Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (Orchard Is.), Hachijo Is., Bonin Is., Okinawa; China
86 Ugyops walkeri Metcalf, 1943: 47 (new name for Delphax longicornis Walker 1870: 120 nec. Latreille) - Molucca Island
87 Ugyops wilkesi Muir, 1927 - Samoa
88 Ugyops zimmermani Fennah, 1950 - Fiji
89 Ugyops zoe Fennah, 1956: 463 - S. China, Hainan Island, Tsai-Chau Island, Lan-Tau Island

 

Hosts:

Reported host use is highly varied. Possibly, they are primitively associated with ferns or other non-angiosperm (possibly ferns).  I have seen adults resting on tree-trunks in Central America, but have swept nymphs from understory forest vegetation.

Ugyops ariadne - Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild (as Wedelia biflora (L) DC) (Asteraceae)

Ugyops caelatus - Leptospermum sp. (teatree, Myrtaceae), Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meissn. (Pohuehue, Polygonaceae), Coprosma rhamnoides A.Cunn. (Rubiaceae), Knightia excelsa R. Br. (New Zealand honeysuckle, Rewarewa).

Ugyops eos - Nephrolepis sp. (Dryopteridaceae, swordfern, Pteridophyta), Stenotaphrum sp. (St. Augustine grass, Poaceae), Asplenium sp. (spleenwort Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta), Vigna sp. (cowpea, Fabaceae), Ipomoea sp. (Convolvulaceae, morning-glory), grasses

Ugyops haliacmon - Asplenium nidus L. (Hawai'I birdnest fern, Aspleniaceae)

Ugyops kinbergi - Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze (ifil, Fabaceae)

Ugyops osborni - Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore (as Euterpe globosa, Sierran palm, Arecaceae), trees

Ugyops pelorus - Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meissn. (Pohuehue, Polygonaceae)

Ugyops samoaensis - Pemphis sp. (Lythraceae)

Ugyops superciliatus - Wedelia sp. (creepingoxeye, Asteraceae), Polypodium sp. (polypody, Polypodiaceae, Pteridophyta), Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (sea hibiscus, Malvaceae)

Ugyops tripunctatus - ferns (Pteridophyta); Pteridium Gleditsch ex Scop. (brackenfern, Dennstaedtiaceae).

Ugyops vittatus - Pteridium Gleditsch ex Scop. (brackenfern, Dennstaedtiaceae), Crinum asiaticum Linn. var. japonicum baker (poisonbulb, Liliaceae)

Plant names primarily according to The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov) or Tropicos (GRIN when not in PLANTS, internet search when all else fails).

Sources of host information: Fennah 1956, Wilson et al. (1994), Ding (2006).

 

Economic Importance: Limited.  Most species poorly known, not on economic plants. 

Recognition

At present, Ugyops stigmatus is the only species I have photographed.

Among genera in the New World, Ugyops is very similar to Canyra, but not particularly close to any other genera. Both are large delphacis with both antennal segments long and round in cross-section.  The only feature that might distinguish the genera (if any) is that Canyra bears a longitudinal sulcus on the dorsal side of the first antennal segment that Ugyops should lack.  However, a casual, but incomplete, review of New World Ugyops found that most also have this feature (this is noted in an as yet unpublished manuscript by Barringer and Bartlett, expected out later this year).   This suggests either that Canyra is also a synonym of Ugyops, or that most New World Ugyopini belong in Canyra.

A number of species were described from females and may be difficult to place with certainty

Fennah claimed the color intensity varies greatly within a species, but the general color pattern is consistent. So far it is not clear to me that either is consistent within a species.

Ugyops stigmatus (Photos - except where otherwise indicated - by Kimberley Shropshire, Department of Entomology, University of Delaware)

Ugyops palliatus

Ugyops tamu

 

Undetermined Ugyops from Ecuador

Ugyops sp. from Costa Rica

 

 

Molecular resources

There is limited data for Ugyops on Genbank; the Genbank data is for two undetermined species, Ugyops tripunctatus and U. vittatus (available here). Data for an undetermined Ugyops is available on BOLD.   Urban et al. (2010) sequence 4 genetic loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, wingless, and cytochrome oxidase I) for Ugyops stigmata and a Ugyops sp. (the latter from Papua New Guinea).

Selected references

(Not all references to original species descriptions are included - yet.)

Asche, M. 1985. Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera: Cicadina: Fulgoromorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2(1):1-398 AND 2(2): 399-910.

Crawford, D. L. 1914a. A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 46: 557-640, plus 6 plates.

Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 [dated1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

Distant, W. L. 1917a. Rhynchota. Part II: Suborder Homoptera. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17: 273-322.

Donaldson, J. F. 1983. Revision of the Australia Asiracinae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 22(4): 277-285.

Donaldson, J. F. 1988. Further studies on Asiracinae (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Australia and New Caledonia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 27(2): 133-141.

Fabricius, J. C. 1803. Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 314 pp. [Link is to Fabricius 1803 in Biodiversity Heritage Library]

Fennah, R. G. 1950. Fulgoroidea of Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 202: 1-122.

Fennah, R. G. 1956. Insects of Micronesia, Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Insects of Micronesia 6(3): 39-211.

Fennah, R. G. 1958. Fulgoroidea of South-eastern Polynesia. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 110(6): 117-220.

Fennah, R. G. 1959. Delphacidae from the Lesser Antilles (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 8: 245-265.

Fennah, R. G. 1964. Delphacidae from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 116(7): 131-150

Fennah, R. G. 1964. New species of Ugyops (Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from South America and South-east Asia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 15(5): 117-143.

Fennah, R. G. 1965. Delphacidae from Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 17(1): 1-59.

Fennah, R. G. 1967. New species and new records of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Samoa and Tonga. Pacific Insects 9: 29-72.

Fennah, R. G. 1969. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Pacific Insects Monograph 21:1-116.

Fennah 1969

Fennah, R. G. 1980. Selection of lectotype of Ugyops caelatus (White). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 92(3): 76.

Guérin-Méneville, F. E. 1829. Homoptera. Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier. Plate(s): 58-59.

Guérin-Méneville, F. E. 1834a. Essai d'un nouvel arrangement des Hémiptères de la section des Homoptères, et révision de la tribu des Fulgorelles. In Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, par le nord de l'Europe les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse, suivi de détails topograpiques, statistiques et autres sur le Pégou, les Isles de Java, ...Bélandger. Zoologie. Insectes. 445-480, 481-510.

Kato, M. 1931. Dragonflies and Homopterous insects from Botel Tobago. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 2: 157-172.

Kirkaldy, G. W. 1907. Leafhoppers supplement. (Hemiptera). Bulletin. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station. Division of Entomology 3: 1-186.

Matsumura, S. 1906. Die Hemipteren Fauna von Riukiu (Okinawa). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 1: 15-38.

Melichar, L. 1914d. Neue Homopteren von den Philippinen. Philippine Journal of Science 9:173-181.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1938a. The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Coll. 82: 277-423.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1943. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 3, Araeopidae (Delphacidae). Smith College, Northhampton, Massachusetts.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1945. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Zoologica [Scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society] 30(3): 125-143.

Muir, F.A.G. 1913b. On some Fulgoroidea. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 2 :237-269.

Muir, F.A.G. 1915b-e. A contribution towards the taxonomy of the Delphacidae. Canadian Entomologist 47: 208-212, 261-270, 296-302, 317-320.

Muir, F.A.G. 1926b. Contributions to our knowledge of South American Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Part I. The Family Delphacidae. Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Entomological Series, Bulletin 18: 1-51, plates 1-5.

Muir, F. A. G. 1927. Hemiptera. Fulgoroidea. Insects of Somoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda 1(2): 1-27.

Muir, F. A. G. 1930. On some South American Delphacidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Entomologisk Tidskrift 51: 207-215.

Muir, F. A. G. 1931. Descriptions and records of Fulgoroidea from Australia and the South Pacific Islands. N° 1. Records of the Australian Museum 18: 63-83.

Schmidt, E. 1926a. Fauna Buruana. Homoptera. Treubia 7: 217-258.

Stål, C. 1854. Nya Hemiptera. Öfversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akadamiens Förhandlingar  11(8): 231-255.

Stål, C. 1862. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipterfauna II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. 3(6): 1-75.

Walker, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the homopterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society 1: 82-100.

Walker, F. 1857b. Catalogue of the homoperous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society 1: 141-175.

Walker, F. 1858a. Homoptera. Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. British Museum, London. Pp. 1-117. [I think this is from the Biodiversity Heritage Library]

Walker, F. 1858b. Supplement. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum 1858: 1-307. [from Google books]

Walker, F. 1858c. Addenda. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. 1858: 308-369.

Walker, F. 1870a. Catalogue of the homopterous insects collected in the Indian Archipelago by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology. 10: 82-193.

Yang, J. T. and C. T. Yang. 1986. Delphacidae of Taiwan (1) Asiracinae and the tribe Tropidocephalini (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 6: 1-79.