Family Dictyopharidae

Subfamily Dictyopharinae

Tribe Dictyopharini

[This page assembled by special request of Lois O'Brien.]

 

Distribution: North America, including northern Mexico and southern Canada.

Type species: Fulgora sulcipes Say, 1825 (original combination).

Generic synonym: Ornithissus Fowler, 1904 (Type species O. cockerelli Fowler, 1904); genus synonymy by Kirkaldy, 1907: 248.

Subgenera

    Belonocharis Uhler, 1891 (Type species Belanocharis fumida Uhler, 1891).

    Scolops Schaum, 1850 (Type species Fulgora sulcipes Say, 1825).

Recognized species

There are 32 species plus 4 subspecies or varieties of Scolops as follows:

Subgenus Belonocharis (Uhler, 1891) [check endings; Metcalf, 1946 ends all "-a"]
Scolops abnormis Ball, 1902 - USA: CA, OR, WA; CAN: BC
Scolops californicus Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: CA
Scolops fumidus (Uhler, 1891) - USA: CA
Scolops pallidus Uhler, 1900 - USA: CA, CO, UT; Mexico
Scolops pallidus var. punctatus Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: CA

Subgenus Scolops Schaum 1850
Scolops angustatus Uhler, 1876 - USA: AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NM, NJ, OR, TN, TX, UT, VA; CAN: AB, BC, MB, ON, SK
Scolops austrinus Breakey, 1928 - USA: AZ
Scolops cockerelli (Fowler, 1904) - USA: AZ, NM, TX
Scolops excultus Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: TX
Scolops flavidus Breakey, 1928 - USA: OR
Scolops flavidus var. pellos Breakey, 1928 - USA: OR
Scolops graphicus Ball, 1930 - USA: AZ
Scolops grossus Uhler, 1876 - USA: CA, CO, IA, ID, KS, TX; CAN: AB (NJ probably error)
Scolops hesperius Uhler, 1872 - USA: CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT; CAN: AB, MB, SK
Scolops immanis Breakey, 1928 - USA: KS, NM
Scolops luridus Breakey, 1928 - USA: KS, UT
Scolops maculosus Ball, 1902 - USA: AZ, CO, KS, NM
Scolops neomexicanus Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: AZ, CO, NM, TX
Scolops nicholi Ball, 1937 - USA: AZ
Scolops osborni Ball, 1902 - USA: IA, KS, NE
Scolops perdix Uhler, 1900 - USA: CO, DC, DE, FL, IL, KS, MA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, UT, VA
Scolops pruinosus Breakey, 1928 - USA: CO
Scolops pungens (Germar, 1830) - USA: AR, CO, CT, DC, DE, IA, IL, KS, LA, KY, MD, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TX, WI; CAN: MB?, ON, SK?
Scolops robustus Ball, 1902 - USA: AZ, CO, KS, NE, TX, UT
Scolops socorroensis Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: NM
Scolops snowi Breakey, 1928 - USA: AZ, UT

Scolops stonei Breakey, 1928 - USA: AZ (error), FL, GA, MS, NC
Scolops sulcipes (Say, 1825) - USA: AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NM, NV, OR, PA, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI; CAN: BC, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK
Scolops tanneri Ball, 1937 - USA: UT
Scolops texanus Lawson and Beamer, 1930 - USA: TX
Scolops uhleri Ball, 1902 - USA: AZ, CO, NV, UT

Scolops uhleri marginatus Ball, 1930 - USA: AZ, NV, UT
Scolops vanduzei Ball, 1902 - USA: CO, IA, NE, NM, TX
Scolops virescens Ball, 1937 - USA: AZ

Scolops virescens var. salsus Ball, 1937 - USA: AZ
Scolops viridis Ball, 1902 - USA: CA, CO, UT

Hosts:

Host data from Wilson et al. 1994 (except  label data for Scolops flavidus and S. maculosus) with scientific name authorship and common names from the USDA Plants database.

(S.g. Belonocharis)

Scolops abnormis : Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. (woollypod milkweed) (Asclepiadaceae)

Scolops pallidus : Ambrosia confertiflora DC. (weakleaf bur ragweed) (Asteraceae)

(S.g. Scolops)

Scolops flavidus : Grindelia camporum Greene (Great Valley gumweed) (Asteraceae)

Scolops graphicus : Gutierrezia californica (DC.) Torr. & A. Gray (San Joaquin snakeweed) (Asteraceae)

Scolops grossus : Melilotus Mill. (sweetclover) (Fabaceae)

Scolops luridus : Artemisia L. (sagebrush) (Asteraceae)

Scolops maculosus : Bidens sp. (beggarticks, Asteraceae) (from label, photographed below)

Scolops osborni : Silphium laciniatum L. (compassplant) (Asteraceae)

Scolops perdix : Helianthus angustifolius L. (swamp sunflower) (Asteraceae)

Scolops pungens : Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (annual ragweed) (Asteraceae)

Scolops robustus : Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (Cuman ragweed) (Asteraceae)

Scolops snowi : Solidago velutina DC. (as Solidago trinervata Greene; (threenerve goldenrod) (Asteraceae)

Scolops stonei : Stillingia sylvatica L. ssp. sylvatica (as Stillingia angustifolia (Müll. Arg.) Engelm. ex S. Watson; queen's-delight) (Euphorbiaceae)

Scolops sulcipes : Convolvulus L. (bindweed) (Convolvulaceae)

Scolops uhleri : Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq.(as Dondia depressa auct. non (Pursh) Britton; Pursh seepweed) (Chenopodiaceae)

Scolops uhleri marginatus : Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene (as Dondia torreyana (S. Watson); Mojave seablite) (Chenopodiaceae)

Scolops viridis : Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush) (Chenopodiaceae)

Economic Importance: Limited.  Not reported from agricultural settings.

 

Recognition:

Distinctive.

Scolops sulcipes, Photo by Dave Funk of Stroud Water Resources Center.

 

Scolops (Belonocharis) abnormis (Male) (dorsal view taken from specimen collected 18 July 1986, same locality)

 

Scolops augustatus (male, New Jersey) (bottom photo is hind tarsus, ventral aspect)

Scolops (Belonocharis) californicus (female)

 

Scolops (Belonocharis) californicus (male, parasitized with Strepsipteran)

Scolops flavidus (male)

Scolops (Belonocharis) fumidus (male)

Scolops graphicus (male)

 

Scolops grossus (female; Julesburg, Colorado)

Scolops maculosus (male) (note maculations on costa; this is contrary to Breakey's 1928 key; specimens possibly misidentified or this feature variable for this species)

Scolops nicholi (male)

 

Scolops neomexicanus (female paratype) 

 

 

Scolops neomexicanus (male) (O'Brien det.)

Scolops osborn (male)  

 

Scolops pallidus var. punctatus (female), paratype

 

Scolops pallidus var. punctatus (male), paratype

 

Scolops perdix (male) (Cape May Co., NJ)

Scolops pruinosus? (female)

 

Scolops pungens (male) (Warrenville, ILL.)

Scolops snowi (female; Sevier Utah, Sevier Co. VIII-26-1960 G.F. Knowlton)

Scolops snowi (male)

 

Scolops socorroensis (male) Paratype

 

Scolops sulcipes (female)

Odd specimen of Scolops sulcipes (male) from Montana

 

Odd specimen of Scolops sulcipes (male) from Texas

Scolops tanneri (male)

Scolops uhleri var marginatus (male)

 

Scolops virescens (male)

Molecular resources: GenBank has data for Scolops fumida, Scolops sulcipes, and Scolops sp. (viz. here and here).  Barcode of Life has sequence data for 17 species of Scolops.

 

Selected references:

Ball, E. D. 1902c. Some new North American Fulgoridae. Canadian Entomologist 34: 147-157. [From Smithsonian Biodiversity Heritage Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7422/]

Ball, E. D. 1930b. A new species and variety of Scolops with notes on others (Rhynchota, Fulgoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 7: 9-11.

Ball, E. D. 1937c. Some New Fulgoridae from the Western United States. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 32(5): 171-183.

Beamer, R. H. 1929c. Scolops osborni in Kansas (Homoptera, Fulgoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 2(3): 70-71.

Breakey, E. P. 1928. The Genus Scolops (Homoptera, Fulgoridae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 18 (6): 417-455.

Fowler, W. W 1904c. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol./pp.: 1: 109-124. Plate(s): 12.

Germar, E. F. 1830a. Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv. Vol./pp.: 2 (2): 1-8 [i.e. 37-44], 45-57.

Kirkaldy, G. W. 1907i. Leaf-hoppers. Hemiptera Homoptera. Report of work of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Division of Entomology bulletin 4: 60-66.

Lawson, P. B. & R. H. Beamer. 1930. Some new Scolops with notes on other species. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 3(3): 67-72.

Liang, A.P. and M.R. Wilson. 2002. Wax-secreting, cuticular structures in nymphs of Scolops abnormis Ball (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 75(2): 132-137.

Melichar, L. 1912a. Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 7 (1): 1-221. Plate(s): 1-5.

Say, T. 1825a. Descriptions of new hemipterous insects collected in the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 307-345.

Schaum, H. R. 1850a.   Fulgorellae.  Allegemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alnhaberischen folge von Genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgegeben von I. S. Ersch und I. G. Gruber mit Kupfern und Charten. Erster Section A -G. 51: 58-73.

Uhler, P. R. 1872a. IV. -- Hemiptera. A list of Hemiptera collected in eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico, by C. Thomas, during the expedition of 1869. Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming, and portions of contiguous territories 1872: 471-472.

Uhler, P. R. 1876a. List of Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden Explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 1 (5): 269-361. Plate(s): 19-21.

Uhler, P. R. 1891a. Remarkable new Homoptera. Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences 1: 143-147.

Uhler, P. R. 1900a. Aids to recognition of some North American genera and species of the old family Fulgoridae. Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences 1: 401-408.