References
Asche, M., 1985. Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera, Cicadina, Fulgoromorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen, 2: 1-910.
Beamer, L. D. 1946. I’ll tell you how! Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 19(4): 127-129.
Borror, D. J., C. A. Triplehorn, and N. F. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects, sixth edition. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA. xiv + 875 pp.
Emeljanov, A. F. 1999. Notes on delimitation of families of the Issidae group with description of a new species of Caliscelidae belonging to a new genus and tribe (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Zoosystematica Rossica 8(1): 61-72.
Fennah, R.G. 1984. Revisionary notes on the classification of the Nogidinidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea), with descriptions of a new genus and a few species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 120: 81-86.
Holzinger, W.E., Kammerlander, I., Nickel, H. 2003. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe - Die Zikaden Mitteleuropas. Volume 1: Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excl. Cicadellidae. Brill Publishers, Leiden. 673 pp. 1566 drawings, 46 Plates.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1938. The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Coll. 82: 277-423.
Click here for more references >>

This project was supported by the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant No. 2009-55605-05006 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. (Formerly National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES)).

Biogeography
Below is a table summarizing the biogeographic distribution of delphacid planthoppers.
Geographic distribution of Delphacini (from Asche, 1985: 336) based on 229 genera, 1403 species. |
Faunal Region |
# Genera |
# Species |
% |
Paleartic |
114 |
388 |
27.7 |
Nearctic |
33 |
271 |
19.3 |
Pacific |
42 |
268 |
19.1 |
Oriental |
69 |
230 |
16.4 |
Ethiopian |
52 |
206 |
14.7 |
Neotropical |
29 |
181 |
12.9 |
Australian |
29 |
51 |
3.7 |
S. Atlantic |
4 |
9 |
0.6 |
Totals sum to greater than 100% due to species found in multiple regions. |